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    2026, 35(3): 1-2.
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  • Light-controlled CRISPR/Cas System: Regulatory Strategies, Applications and Challenges
    ZHU Haotian, HU Menglu, ZHOU Xiaoming
    2026, 35(3): 193-204.
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    Abstract: In practical applications, precise spatiotemporal regulation of CRISPR/Cas system activity is often required. As a highly promising approach for activity modulation, light-controlled strategies have significantly enhanced the controllability of CRISPR/Cas systems. Given that native CRISPR/Cas systems inherently lack light-responsive properties, the integration of photosensitive agents is essential to endow them with optical regulatory capabilities. This article systematically details the working mechanisms of various photosensitive agents and their integration strategies with CRISPR/Cas systems. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of application scenarios for optically regulated CRISPR activity, conducts an in-depth analysis of current technical challenges, and discusses the future prospects of light-controlled CRISPR technology.
    Keywords: light control; CRISPR/Cas system; gene editing; transcriptional regulation; molecular diagnosis
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 193-204）
  • Research Progress on Physical Bone Marrow Sparing Strategies during Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
    LI Hongjie, YANG Haizhou, ZUO Yufang, WANG Yuzhou
    2026, 35(3): 205-213.
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    Abstract: Platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment regimen for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). However, this regimen often induces myelosuppression, manifesting as hematological toxicities such as leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Severe myelosuppression can lead to treatment delays or even interruptions, thereby compromising therapeutic efficacy and adversely affecting prognosis. Physical bone marrow sparing radiotherapy, achieved through precise target delineation, physical technique optimization and dose-volume constraints, can mitigate hematological toxicity without compromising tumor control. To date, no unified standards exist regarding specific dose-volume limits and target delineation ranges for physical bone marrow sparing during CCRT for LACC. This article reviews research progress concerning the radiobiological characteristics of bone marrow, physical sparing strategies, and dose-volume parameters, aiming to provide a reference for personalized physical bone marrow protection during CCRT for LACC.
    Keywords: cervical cancer; intensity modulated radiation therapy; bone marrow sparing; concurrent chemoradiotherapy; dose distribution optimization
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 205-213）

  • Advances in Macrophage Membrane-coated Nanoparticles for Infectious Diseases Treatment
    GAO Nan, FEI Fan, LIU Qian, LIANG Shuaiyuan, DU Xingran, DU Qiang
    2026, 35(3): 214-221.
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    Abstract: Infectious diseases currently confront major challenges, such as the spread of drug-resistant microorganisms, immunological evasion, and the lack of specificity in traditional drugs. Due to their unique biological characteristics, the macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles offer novel strategies to address these issues. This review outlines the construction methods of these nanoparticles and explains their immunomodulatory mechanisms. By utilizing natural membrane receptors, these nanoparticles can specifically recognize pathogens, induce targeted homing to inflammatory areas, and accomplish particular functional control by polarization or genetic modification. Furthermore, we discuss the application of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in infectious diseases, including targeted delivery systems, biological neutralization and immunomodulatory vaccines. This review aims to systematically summarize the technological advances and challenges of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in the field of anti-infection, providing new insights and a scientific framework for the development and clinical translation of targeted nanomedicines.
    Keywords: macrophage membrane; infectious diseases; targeted delivery; biological neutralization; immune regulation
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 214-221）

  • Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Nanoparticle-based Multivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Monkeypox Virus
    SONG Ming, YU Haoxing, ZHOU Huixu, ZHANG Fenghua, CHANG Haiyan
    2026, 35(3): 222-232.
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    Abstract: The ongoing global spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a persistent public health threat, underscoring the urgent need for novel vaccines that are effective, safe, and highly specific. In this study, we designed and constructed a multivalent subunit vaccine based on the self-assembling mi3 nanoparticle platform, targeting four key MPXV antigens (A35R, B6R, E8L, and M1R) for synergistic immunization. Following codon optimization, the antigen proteins were recombinantly expressed in HEK-293F cells and purified. Using the SpyTag-SpyCatcher covalent conjugation system, these antigens were efficiently and site-specifically displayed on the surface of mi3 nanoparticles, resulting in structurally stable nanovaccines (NP group). A soluble protein mixture group (SU group) was included as a control. Systemic humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in BALB/c mouse models. The prepared nanoparticle vaccines showed uniform size distribution and structural integrity. Immunization experiments revealed that the NP group induced significantly higher levels of antigen-specific IgG antibodies compared to the SU group (P<0.01) and elicited a potent Th1/Th2-mixed immune response, as reflected by markedly elevated secretion of multiple cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6. Transcriptomic analysis further suggested that the nanovaccine may enhance immune responses through modulation of key signaling pathways such as IL-17. In summary, we successfully developed a mi3 nanoparticle-based multivalent subunit vaccine candidate against MPXV, which demonstrated strong immunogenicity in a mouse model, providing an important experimental foundation and a technical platform for the development of next-generation monkeypox vaccines.
    Keywords: monkeypox virus; subunit vaccine; nanoparticle; mi3; immunogenicity
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 222-232）

  • Genetic Diversity Analysis of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus in Four Provinces of Southern China Based on OMP Gene Sequence and Phage Transposon Differences
    SUN Zixiang, QIAN Lei, LING Yun, MO Guangzhen, CHEN Jianzhi, DENG Jiefu, ZHOU Zehua, SONG Na, YI Tuyong
    2026, 35(3): 233-240.
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    Abstract: Citrus Huanglongbing is a devastating disease in the global citrus industry, primarily caused by bacterium of the genus Candidatus Liberibacter, which comprises three species: asiaticus (CLas), africanus (CLaf) and americanus (CLam). Among them, CLas is the predominant species in China. This study conducted phage and transposon gene sequence differential analyses on 183 citrus leaf samples carrying CLas from Hunan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jiangxi and Guangdong Province, and additionally performed outer membrane protein (OMP) gene sequence differential analysis on 19 samples from four cities in Hunan Province. It was found that CLas had three transposon combinations and seven phage combinations. The most frequent CLas population in the four regions was characterized by the absence of the MCLas-A type transposon and the presence of a single T2 phage, with a discrimination index (DI) of 0.534 0. Cluster analysis based on phage and transposon types divided all samples into three clusters at a genetic distance of 0.15: Ji’an and Ganzhou in Jiangxi formed the first cluster; Chenzhou and Yongzhou in Hunan clustered together and branched with Zhaoqing of Guangdong, forming the second cluster; samples from other countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand formed the third cluster. The number of mutated nucleotide sites in the OMP gene of each sample ranged from 0 to 4, with a total of 18 different nucleotide mutation sites, indicating a high genetic diversity in OMP. The clustering results showed that most domestic CLas samples clustered together, while samples from Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand formed another cluster. This pattern clearly indicates a certain degree of genetic isolation among different geographical populations, providing critical genetic evidence for understanding the population evolution and transmission routes of the CLas.
    Keywords: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; outer membrane protein gene; bacteriophage transposon; genetic diversity; population structure analysis
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 233-240）

  • ATEF Suppresses NSCLC Progression Through Coordinated Regulation of Slc7a11 and Vldlr
    ZHANG Tao, OUYANG Huixia, MA Guohao, GAO Min, JU Rong, ZHANG Yunlei
    2026, 35(3): 241-252.
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    Abstract: Tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicities severely limit the clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more precise therapeutic strategies. Our previous work demonstrated that angiogenesis-targeted electric fields (ATEF), a non-invasive biophysical treatment modality, can significantly inhibit the growth of glioblastoma. Based on these findings, the present study evaluated the antitumor effects of ATEF in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model and systematically investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Using a subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft model in C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) , we found that ATEF treatment markedly suppressed tumor growth without inducing significant body weight changes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that ATEF significantly downregulated Slc7a11, a key regulator of ferroptosis, while upregulating Vldlr, a gene encoding a lipid metabolism receptor. Metabolomic analysis further demonstrated that ATEF induced pronounced remodeling of lipid and energy metabolism in tumor tissues, with multiple phospholipid species and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways being upregulated. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that Slc7a11 was negatively correlated with membrane lipid metabolites, whereas Vldlr was positively correlated with arachidonic acid and phospholipid metabolites, suggesting that ATEF may enhance ferroptosis sensitivity by coordinately regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolic networks, thereby interfering with angiogenesis and ultimately suppressing tumor growth. Collectively, our findings reveal that ATEF suppresses NSCLC growth by inducing transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment through biophysical electric field modulation, providing a mechanistic basis for further clinical translation of this novel therapeutic approach.
    Keywords: angiogenesis-targeted electric fields; non-small cell lung cancer; tumor treating fields; tumor microenvironment; ferroptosis
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 241-252）

  • Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid in Protecting Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Injury in Red Crucian Carp via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
    FENG Xinyu, DU Yue, FENG Ling, TANG Ting, ZHANG Yongqin
    2026, 35(3): 253-261.
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    Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in red crucian carp and to preliminarily elucidate its mechanism based on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Red crucian carp were randomly divided into a control group, a model group (treated with CCl4), CGA groups at different concentrations, and a positive control group treated with silymarin. A liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Serum activities of ALT, AST, AKP, and γ-GT, content of TG, TC, TBIL, as well as MDA content and SOD and GSH-Px activities in hepatopancreatic tissue were measured. Pathological changes in hepatopancreatic tissue were observed by HE staining. The mRNA expression levels of NFE2L2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCL in liver tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, and TBIL (P<0.05, P<0.01), significantly decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue, and a significant increase in MDA content (P<0.05). Pathological damages such as vacuolar degeneration, pyknosis, and lysis of hepatopancreatic cells were observed. After CGA intervention, the medium- and high-dose groups showed significant improvements in serum biochemical indicators, a marked reduction in MDA content in hepatopancreatic tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01), and a significant recovery of SOD and GSH-Px activities (P<0.05), along with alleviated pathological damage in liver tissue. The silymarin group also exhibited ameliorative effects. Furthermore, the medium- and high-dose CGA groups exhibited a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of NFE2L2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCL (P<0.05). These findings suggest that CGA alleviates CCl4-induced liver injury in red crucian carp, likely by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, boosting antioxidant defenses, and reducing oxidative stress.
    Keywords: red crucian carp; chlorogenic acid; liver injury; oxidative stress; Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 253-261）

  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Mstn Gene cDNA Sequences in Ctenopharyngodon idella(♀)×Xenocypris davidi Bleeker(♂)
    MAO Yeyu, WANG Yude
    2026, 35(3): 262-269.
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    Abstract: The hybrid is a high-quality triploid hybrid obtained by distantly crossing female Ctenopharyngodon idella with a male Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, which has advantages including tender flesh and strong stress resistance. Myostatin (Mstn) is a key negative regulator of muscle development and growth in animals, and its structure and expression hold significant importance in fishery production. To explore the gene sequence and expression level of Mstn, the Mstn gene sequences of the hybrid fish and its parents were cloned by molecular cloning method for analysis and comparison in this study. The results indicate that: the cDNA sequence of the Mstn gene of hybrid fish was 1 242 bp long, and its sequence was identical to the sequences of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, with a nucleotide homology of up to 100%. Fluorescent quantitative analysis revealed that the Mstn gene is expressed in the muscle, liver, and gills of all three species, with the highest expression level in the muscle of the hybrid fish, the highest in the gills of Ctenopharyngodon idella, and the highest in the liver of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker. The findings of this thesis not only enrich the genetic information on the Mstn gene of the hybrid fish, but also provide fundamental data for research on muscle growth and development and offer a new approach for hybrid breeding of Ctenopharyngodon idella.
    Keywords: distant hybridization; hybrid fish; myostatin; fish muscles; growth and development
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 262-269）

  • Effects of Laser Irradiation on the Absorption Spectrum and Ultrastructure of Platymonas subcordiformis
    HUANG Xiangying
    2026, 35(3): 270-274.
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    Abstract: This study irradiated the marine alga Platymonas subcordiformis with a 1 341 nm Nd:YAP laser. After a period of cultivation, the absorption spectrum of the algal suspension was measured using a Lambda 950 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, and the ultrastructural changes of the algae were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aim was to analyze the influence of laser irradiation on the absorbance of algal pigments and intracellular components, such as starch grains and lipid droplets. The experimental results indicated that while laser irradiation did not alter the maximum absorption wavelengths of the pigments, it significantly affected their absorbance. Concurrently, variations were observed in the number of starch grains and the quantity of lipid droplets within the cells. This provides a theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent selection of high-quality algal strains through laser breeding.
    Keywords: Platymonas subcordiformis; absorption spectrum; absorbance; starch grains; lipid droplets
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 270-274）

  • The Effect of Polyphyllin I on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
    LIU Yujie, LI Ming, FANG Jinglin, LU Jie, LI Zheming, XIAO Ting
    2026, 35(3): 275-281.
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    Abstract: This study explored the effects of polyphyllin I on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. After culturing the human OSCC cell lines SCC-9 and CAL-27 in vitro, the cells were treated with 0, 1, 2, and 5 μmol/L of polyphyllin I. The cell proliferation activity was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. The changes in cell proliferation were observed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The apoptosis rate was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining). The expression levels of EGFR, p-STAT3, p-AKT, Puma, and Noxa were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes Puma and Noxa were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that polyphyllin I could significantly inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells, down-regulate the protein expression levels of EGFR, p-STAT3, and p-AKT, and effectively promote the apoptosis of OSCC cells, up-regulate the expression of pro-apoptotic factors Puma and Noxa, and the mRNA expression levels of Puma and Noxa would significantly increase with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). This study confirmed that polyphyllin I could significantly inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells and induce apoptosis. This effect was significantly and positively correlated with the up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of Puma and Noxa in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the two might be involved in the process of OSCC cell apoptosis induced by polyphyllin I.
    Keywords: polyphyllin I; oral squamous cell carcinoma; apoptosis; Puma; Noxa
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 275-281）

  • Effects of Qinghao Biejia Decoction on Bladder Function, Macrophage Polarization and FGFR2, FGFR4 Expression in Rats with Bladder Cancer
    FENG Dong, LIU Hui, CHEN Linying
    2026, 35(3): 282-288.
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    Abstract: The research objective is to explore the potential mechanism of Qinghao Biejia decoction in treating bladder cancer, and clarify its effects on bladder function, macrophage polarization, and the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and FGFR4 in bladder cancer rats, in order to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, medium, and high doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the other groups established bladder cancer models. After successful modeling, the corresponding doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction or normal saline were administered by gavage. Urodynamic indicators were detected, pathological morphology was observed by HE staining, serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, macrophage polarization markers were detected by immunoblotting, FGFR2 and FGFR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the bladder pressure in the model group increased, the maximum capacity and compliance of bladder, voiding interval decreased (P<0.05), and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and bladder tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, FGFR2, and FGFR4 expression increased (P<0.05), while IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), CD206, and Arg-1 expression decreased (P<0.05), and the pathological damage was severe. Compared with the model group, all the above indicators in each administration group were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the improvement was dose-dependent. The study showed that Qinghao Biejia decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on bladder cancer rats, can effectively improve macrophage polarization and bladder function, and inhibit expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4. Under the conditions of this study, the medium dose and high dose of Qinghao Biejia decoction intervention effect were more prominent, and the comprehensive efficacy was the best in the high dose group.
    Keywords: Qinghao Biejia decoction; bladder cancer; macrophage polarization; bladder function; expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4
    （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 282-288）