(1. The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; 2. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; 3. Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang 261000, China; 4. Yanqing Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 102100, China; 5. Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China)
Abstract: Islet β cells are the exclusive cellular source of insulin synthesis and secretion, playing a crucial role in regulating blood glucose homeostasis. The impairment of islet β cells due to sustained anaerobic glycolysis pressure represents a significant factor contributing to insulin deficiency or resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucokinase (GK), serving as the principal rate-limiting step in glucose transport, exhibits close association with insulin secretion. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit (HIF-1α) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) act as pivotal regulatory factors within glycolysis. The HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway participates in intricate pathophysiological processes involving islet β cell function and maintenance under high-glucose conditions. This review elucidates the mechanisms by which the HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway mediates GK induction through anaerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial network adaptive fragmentation, oxidative stress, and dedifferentiation leading to pancreatic islet β cell dysfunction in T2DM, thereby offering novel insights for clinical prevention and treatment strategies targeting T2DM.
Key words: type 2 diabetes; glucokinase; HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway; mitochondria; dedifferentiation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 512-522）

(State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China)
Abstract: The high porosity and customizable structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allow them to bind a wide range of biomolecules and have great potential as biosensors. MOFs can exhibit luminescence from metal nodes, ligands or introduced guests, which provides an excellent fluorescence response for sensing. However, single-signal emitting MOFs are susceptible to interference from concentration, environment, and excitation intensity, resulting in poor accuracy. Dual-fluorescence-emitting MOFs biosensors overcome these shortcomings and need to be fully and accurately characterized. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is the process in which the internal energy of fluorescent molecules is transferred from the donor to the acceptor, and FRET detection of dual-emission MOFs based on laser scanning confocal microscopy can achieve visual imaging and accurate efficiency analysis, and has become an effective evaluation method for dual-emission MOFs. In this paper, the technical process and conditions of FRET for the detection of dual-emission MOFs are described, and combined with the research examples of Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, the application progress of MOFs fluorescent biosensors in terms of design concept, binding mode, and action efficiency is demonstrated. The results confirmed that this technique has high detection sensitivity and specificity, which provides a new idea for probe development and evaluation.
Key words: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; metal-organic frameworks; laser confocal microscopy; fluorescent
biosensors; double fluorescence emission
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 481-488）

Abstract: Taihu muskmelon, commonly known as “Laotaipo muskmelon” and “crisp muskmelon”, has a long history of cultivation. The skin of the muskmelon is white, the aroma is strong, the meat is crisp and sweet, and it is loved by consumers. However, there is a lack of research on the identification of the characteristics of Taihu muskmelon and the changes of metabolites during storage. The metabolites of Xiaobainiang, Yunaixiang 2 and Lüxiangtian were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. At the same time, the Xiaobainiang was stored at room temperature for 1 d and 8 d, and the metabolites of its flesh were analyzed. Using common muskmelon varieties in the market, Lüxiangtian and Yunaixiang 2, as controls, a total of 18 136 metabolites were identified in the flesh of the three muskmelon varieties, Xiaobainiang, through metabolomics analysis, which was higher than the control of 14 879 metabolites in Lüxiangtian and 15 943 metabolites in Yunaixiang 2. Among them, a total of 1 902 unique metabolites were identified in Xiaobainiang, which was higher than the 449 unique metabolites in the control group of Lüxiangtian and 542 unique metabolites in Yunaixiang 2. Analysis of the content of metabolites revealed that the flavonoid compound kaempferol-3-gentiobioside in Xiaobainiang was significantly higher than that in Lüxiangtian and Yunaixiang 2, which were 136 and 3 200 times higher, respectively. Meanwhile, the metabolites of Xiaobainiang muskmelon were measured after being stored at room temperature for 1 and 8 days, and principal component analysis (PCA)  was performed on the differential metabolites. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the differential metabolites. In conclusion, Xiaobainiang not only has a certain level of storage stability, but also contains a high amount of flavonoid compounds, particularly kaempferol-3-gentiobioside, which can serve as a characteristic marker for identifying Taihu fragrant melon Xiaobainiang. This study is of significant importance for the identification and promotion of Xiaobainiang.
Key words: Taihu muskmelon; metabolome; characteristics; storage stability
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 077-083）

(1. Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421005, China; 2. Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China)
Abstract: The study of rumen microbiota is of great significance for understanding the health, growth and development, as well as digestion and absorption processes of ruminants. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the rise of microbiome research, significant progress has been made in the study of rumen microbiota in ruminants. This article mainly reviews the composition and influencing factors of rumen microbiota in ruminants, as well as the technical methods for studying rumen microbiota, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, functional genomics analysis, metabolomics research, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Meanwhile, the application and development prospects of these methods in the study of rumen microbiota in ruminants will also be explored, aiming to provide reference for the structural and functional analysis of rumen microbiota.
Key words: ruminant animals; rumen microbiota; high throughput sequencing; microbial community; multiomics joint analysis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 496-504）

(Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China)
Abstract: Acute pancreatitis（AP） is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases requiring urgent hospitalization, and its incidence is on the rise. This study aims to evaluate whether empagliflozin (EMPA) can alleviate AP in rats by inhibiting apoptosis. Eighteen SPF-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table method: control group (CON group), AP group, and AP+EMPA group, with six rats in each group. After successful establishment of the rat models, blood and pancreatic samples were collected. The serum markers tested included amylase (AMY), glucose (GLU), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bcl2 in the pancreatic tissue, while immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to assess Caspase-3 expression in the pancreatic tissue. Pancreatic tissues were paraffin-embedded for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pathological scoring. One-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis of the data. The study found that the AP group had elevated serum AMY, GLU, inflammatory cytokine levels, and pathological scores compared to the CON group. In the pancreatic tissue, the apoptosis-related molecule Caspase-3 was elevated, while the expression level of Bcl2 was reduced compared to the CON group (P<0.05). However, EMPA treatment could reverse these changes. In conclusion, EMPA effectively ameliorates the pathological changes in the pancreatic tissue in a rat model of AP, and this protective effect may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis. This article aims to explore the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of EMPA in AP, providing new insights for the effective prevention and treatment of this disease.
Key words: acute pancreatitis; apoptosis; Caspase-3; empagliflozin; rat model
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 550-556）

(1. Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; 2. Chenzhou Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Chenzhou 423000, China)
Abstract: The hoxc8a gene is a member of the Hox gene family, which is evolutionarily highly conserved. It has been studied that the hoxc8a gene is expressed in the swim bladder and pectoral fins of zebrafish, and that Hox genes can affect the formation and development of vertebrate body axes, whereas the mechanism of action of the hoxc8a gene is not clear.  In order to study the developmental biology functions and its molecular regulation mechanism of this gene, the gene will be knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. First, target sites as well as genotype detection primers were designed on exon 1 of the hoxc8a gene, and guide DNA (sgDNA) was obtained by PCR. Then the sgDNA was recovered and purified, and the purified sgDNA was used as a template to synthesize guide RNA (sgRNA) by in vitro transcription, and finally, RNA was purified. The sgRNA and Cas9 protein were mixed in a 1:1:0.8 ratio, and the mixture was injected into wild-type zebrafish embryos using microinjection technique, and the mutant F0 generation zebrafish were screened by genotyping. When the F0 generation zebrafish were sexually mature, they were crossed with wild-type zebrafish, and the offsprings were genotyped and screened to obtain the mutant heterozygotes of the F1, and the F1 generation of zebrafish with the protein code-shifting mutation were raised after Sanger sequencing, and continued to be bred to adult. The F1 zebrafish were crossed, and the offsprings were genotyped and screened to obtain F2 homozygotes. Finally, a calcium staining test was performed on mutant homozygous and wild-type zebrafish, and it was found that the spine development of the knockout mutant was not significantly different from that of the wild-type, suggesting that the hoxc8a gene does not affect the early spine development of zebrafish, whereas whether the gene affects the development of other tissues and organs remains to be further investigated. Thus, by constructing zebrafish hoxc8a knockout lines, thus we can provide a research basis for more in-depth studies of the hoxc8a gene.
Key words: zebrafish; hoxc8a; spinal development; gene knockout line; homozygous mutant
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 557-566）

(1. Hunan Institute of Traffic Engineering, Hengyang 421000, China; 2. Xiangxing College, Hunan University of TCM, Xiangyin 410007, China; 3. College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; 4. Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China)
Abstract: Osteoporosis is the most common systemic and metabolic bone disease. The concentration of serum resistin (RETN) is associated with bone mineral density, but it is still unclear whether there is a causal relationship between RETN and bone density and fractures. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze the causal relationship between RETN gene expression and bone mineral density and fractures, and then analyzed the differential expression of RETN gene in single-cell sequencing data of femeral neck fracture (FNF) and osteoarthritis (OA) samples. MR analysis showed that high expression of RETN was found to lead to decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures. RETN expression was upregulated in the FNF group, and RETN was mainly expressed by neutrophils. The inflammatory chemokine CXCL8 related to RETN was significantly upregulated in the FNF group. This study suggested the role of RETN in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Key words: osteoporosis; RETN; Mendelian randomization; single-cell RNA sequencing; bone mineral density
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 541-549）

(College of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the application of radio frequency identification (RFID) and laser scanning based internet of things (IoT) technology in clinical trials, and analyze its advantages in improving data accuracy, improving work efficiency, and ensuring data security. RFID technology realizes the automatic identification and collection of items and data through radio waves, which has the characteristics of no contact reading, high capacity data storage and real-time information update. Laser scanning technology uses a laser beam to scan a bar code or quick response (QR) code to obtain information, with high precision and high speed. Both techniques performed well for subject identity verification, sample management, and medication tracking. In specific applications, RFID and laser scanning technologies have greatly improved the transparent management and traceability of trial materials, ensuring the real-time collection and monitoring of subject data, and safe distribution and use of drugs. These techniques reduce human error and improve data accuracy and work efficiency by automating and transmitting information in real time. Despite the challenges of technology costs, privacy protection, and standardization, these issues are expected to be gradually resolved with technological progress and innovation. In the future, RFID and laser scanning technology will be further integrated with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain to promote the digital and refined management of clinical trials. The research and analysis in this paper provide a reference for the digital transformation of clinical trials, hoping to promote the wide application of RFID and laser scanning technology in this field, and contribute to the innovation and progress of medical research.
Key words: radio frequency identification; laser scanning; automatic recognition; internet of things technology; clinical trial
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 505-511）

(1. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) supplementation on lactation performance, plasma biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant status, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbiota of dairy cows. The experiment was conducted in a one-way completely randomized design. 32 healthy lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight, milk yield, parity and days in milk were selected and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 16 cows each. The cows in the control group (CON group) fed with a basal diet, and the other group (LJE group) received the CON diet supplemented with LJE at 30 g per cow per day. The entire trial includes a 12-day adaptation and a 30-day trial period. Compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with LJE increased dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and milk protein content of dairy cows, whereas it had no significant effects on milk fat, lactose, somatic cell counts, and total solids, and it had no significant effects on the plasma biochemical indices. Moreover, the LJE group had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in plasma, and had lower malondialdehyde content than those of the CON group. The total volatile fatty acid level increased in the rumen of dairy cows. The LJE diet increased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and the genera Succiniclasticum, Sphaerochaeta, Mucispirillum, and Akkermansia. In conclusion, adding LJE in feed can enhance the immunity of dairy cows, and reduce the level of lipid peroxidation in dairy cows, and improve the DMI, milk yield, and milk quality, which is of great significance to realize the healthy breeding of dairy cows.
Key words: Laminaria japonica extract; milk performance; immunity; rumen fermentation; rumen microbiota
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 530-540）

Abstract: The upstream open reading frame (uORF) as an important component of the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of eukaryotic genes, has attracted much attention in recent years due to its significant role in gene expression regulation. However, research on uORF in fish is relatively scarce at present. In this study, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we targeted and knocked out the uORF in the zebrafish growth hormone receptor gene (ghr) to explore the impact of uORF removal on ghr expression and zebrafish growth and development. By constructing a zebrafish model with a ghr-uORF deletion, we found that after knocking out the uORF, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the ghr gene increased, and the mutant zebrafish showed a growth advantage at the later stages of growth. In addition, the muscle tissue development of the mutant zebrafish also changed, with muscle fiber morphology becoming more circular and arrangement being tighter. These results indicate that uORF plays a suppressive role in regulating ghr gene expression, and knocking out uORF may promote the growth and muscle development of zebrafish. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the regulatory mechanism of uORF in animals and offers a new strategy for genetic improvement in fish.
Key words: zebrafish; growth hormone receptor gene; upstream open reading frame; gene editing; growth and development
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 036-044）

（Department of Stomatology, Hebei Petro China Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, China）
Abstract: To investigate the effects of luteic acid on inflammation and apoptosis of human periodontal stem cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, hPDLSCs were cultured in vitro, which was divided into two steps: pre-experiment and formal experiment. The pre-experiment was divided into control group (no intervention), lipopolysaccharide group (10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide), low/medium/high concentration luboflavic acid group (10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide +0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μmol/L luboflavic acid). The formal experiment was divided into control group, lipopolypaccharide group, luteic acid group (10 μg/mL lipopolypaccharide +2.0 μmol/L luteic acid), inhibitor group (10 μg/mL lipopolypaccharide +2 μmol/L Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor XAV939), luteic acid + inhibitor group (10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide +2.0 μmol/L luteic acid +2 μmol/L XAV939) and luteic acid + activator group (10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide +2.0 μmol/L luteic acid +20 μmol/L Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator SKL2001), they were treated for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptosis rate was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression levels of B lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2), cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by Western blot (Wb). In the preliminary experiment, the cell viability of LPS group decreased compared with control group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the cell viability of high-concentration luteic acid group increased (P<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 decreased (P<0.05). Therefore, the high-concentration luteic acid group was selected as the optimal concentration for formal experiment. In the formal experiment, the cell viability and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression levels in LPS group decreased compared with those in control group (P<0.05), while the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, apoptosis rate and the expression levels of Caspase-3, Wnt and β-catenin proteins increased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the cell viability and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression levels in luteic acid group and inhibitor group increased (P<0.05), while the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cell apoptosis rate and the expression levels of Caspase-3, Wnt and β-catenin proteins decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the luteic acid group, the change trend of the above indexes in the luteic acid + inhibitor group was more significant (P<0.05), and the change trend of these indexes in the luteic acid + activator group was significantly reversed (P<0.05). Luteic acid may promote the cellular activity of human hPDLSCs induced by lipopolysaccharide and inhibit their apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the signal transduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study can provide a new theoretical reference for the treatment of periodontitis.
Key words: periodontitis; gambogic acid; lipopolysaccharide; periodontal membrane stem cells; Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 567-576）

(1. Carbon Negative Synthetic Biology for Biomaterial Production from CO2, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, SJTU Asia-Pacific Graduate Institute, Singapore 138602, Singapore; 2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
Abstract: Carbon-negative synthetic biology aims to directly capture CO2 to produce bio-products. This technique not only solves the “food vs. fuel” dilemma in traditional biological production, but also achieves CO2 peaking and carbon neutrality, therefore, it has obvious economic, ecological, and social benefits. Cyanobacteria, which use light energy to convert CO2 into biomass, are ideal chassis cells in CNSB. The newly discovered Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 is a robust cyanobacterial strain with high resistance to salt and light, fast growth and big biomass, and multiple genetic toolbox available, representing a rising star among the cyanobacterial chassis cells. This review summarized the research progress in PCC 11901, including its morphology, biochemical and physiological features, genomic characteristics, available genetic toolboxes, and bio-products derived from engineered PCC 11901, with the aim of providing theoretical references for future research related to PCC 11901.
Key words: cyanobacterium; Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901; growth and biomass; genetic manipulation; carbon-negative synthetic biology
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 489-495）

Abstract: According to statistical data, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant cancers with high incidence and mortality rates, causing a severe burden on society. In response to the serious situation of HCC, the search for efficient early screening methods has become a research hotspot both domestically and internationally. This article reviews the main serum markers for HCC over the past five years, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein-L3 isoform ratio (AFP-L3%), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and Golgi protein 73 (GP73). It summarizes the advantages and limitations of these biomarkers and their role in combination with other indicators in the early screening of HCC, as well as the research progress. The article also proposes future development directions to assist in the diagnosis of HCC.
Key words: liver cancer; liver cancer triple test; GP73; early screening; diagnosis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 018-025）

(1. School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; 2. Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200245, China)
Abstract: To address the challenge of characterizing the morphology of large transparent and unstained samples that traditional bright-field microscopy cannot solve, a dark-field imaging system based on two-lens is proposed. The system primarily consists of a laser, a spatial light modulator, two lenses, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Ring-shaped vortex light modulated by the spatial light modulator serves as the illumination, focused onto the sample surface by the front lens. After illumination, the scattered light carrying high-frequency sample information was collected by the rear lens for dark-field imaging of the object. Experimental comparisons were conducted using sections of dicotyledonous wood and pumpkin stems as samples. The results indicated that a self-built dark-field microscopy system based on two-lens can enhance imaging resolution and contrast, offering a valuable approach for morphology characterization of large transparent and unstained samples.
Key words: two lens; vortex beam; dark field imaging; biological samples; morphological characterization
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 523-529）

Abstract: To investigate the influence of deep and superficial blood supply of skin tissue on post-grafting recovery, rat models of deep ischemic skin and multifactorial rat models of superficial skin were constructed in study. Laser speckle contrast imaging technique was utilized to monitor the skin perfusion status. In the models, the relative blood perfusion index was measured and quantified in the skin grafting area by controlling the blood supply in different regions, while the tissue perfusion ratio was analyzed to assess postoperative skin recovery trends. The results indicated that in the rat model of deep ischemic skin, the tissue perfusion ratio of the femoral artery ligature group was lower than that of the normal group. In the multifactorial rat model of superficial skin, the experimental groups subjected to ischemia and cauterization showed lower blood perfusion ratios compared to the control group. By establishing two animal models in study, it was demonstrated that the laser speckle contrast imaging technique can provide real-time monitoring of blood flow after grafting surgery. The blood supply to both deep and superficial skin tissues directly affects the postoperative recovery of the area.
Key words: laser speckle contrast imaging; skin graft; blood supply; blood perfusion; rats
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 026-035）

Abstract: In this study, fresh peanut nodules were collected from seven major peanut growing areas in Hunan Province, and a total of 7 rhizobia strains were isolated and purified. The local peanut varieties Anhua small-seeded peanut and Changning small-seeded peanut varieties in Hunan Province were selected to test the capability of the 7 rhizobia strains by greenhouse pot inoculation experiments, and all 7 rhizobia strains could effectively form nodulation on the two peanut varieties, among which R3-2 and R4-6 showed the strongest nitrogen-fixing capability. Through 16S rDNA gene sequencing and sequence alignment, strain R3-2 was preliminarily identified as belonging to Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Further experiments demonstrated that the strain R3-2 had certain acid resistance and it grew well in modified Keyser and Munns medium while the pH is equal to 5.4 (including pH>5.4), and holding a certain tolerance to heavy metals. Finally, field experiments were carried out in the native environment of R3-2, and the results showed that peanut yield of the treatment group with 70% conventional nitrogen application and R3-2 rhizobia inoculation was the highest, which was 28.54% higher than that of the control group which is with conventional nitrogen application without rhizobia inoculation. With the fine effect on nitrogen fixation, as well as its positive tolerances on hydrogen ion and heavy metals, strain R3-2 is the potential rhizobium utilized in peanut cultivation in southern China.
Key words: Arachis hypogaea L.; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; tolerance of acids; yield; biological nitrogen fixation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 045-053）

Abstract: This study examines the association between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and cuproptosis, and develops a predictive model. By analyzing the GSE2669 dataset, gene clusters and immune characteristics associated with cuproptosis in 22 IM samples were characterized, with differential gene clusters identified. The performance of four machine learning models: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM), and XGBoost (XGB), was evaluated with the RF model showing superior performance. A RF model based on four genes (DMBT1, HPN, SLC13A3, and YWHAZ) was constructed, and their expression was found to be significantly correlated with CDX2 levels. Expression levels of these genes in normal gastric and intestinal metaplastic tissues were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, aligning with the model’s predictions. This research preliminarily identifies the role and potential mechanisms of cuproptosis in IM and establishes a predictive model, offering new directions for future clinical applications and research.
Key words: cuproptosis; intestinal metaplasia; machine learning models; immune infiltration; prediction model
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 063-076）

Abstract: To investigate the impact of potato virus Y (PVY) on the diversity of bacterial communities and the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, this study utilized 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed the differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities before and after PVY infection in potato plants and elucidated the changes in the molecular ecological network of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The results indicated that PVY infection significantly altered the abundance of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities, although there was no significant change in species diversity. Molecular ecological network analysis revealed that, compared to healthy plants, the nodes and links in the bacterial network of the rhizosphere soil of PVY-infected plants were reduced, with lower network density, clustering coefficient, and average connectivity. Mantel analysis showed that soil moisture content, available phosphorus, and readily available potassium were the main factors influencing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities in the Shimen region (P<0.05). In summary, PVY disrupted the interactions between bacterial community species, and these findings are of significant importance for understanding the mechanisms of interaction between PVY and bacterial communities.
Key words: PVY; rhizosphere soil microorganisms; bacterial community; ecological network; soil physical and chemical properties
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 054-062）

Abstract: To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells and the regulatory effect of IκB kinase/nuclear factor κB (IKK/NF-κB) signaling pathway. A549 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group (same volume DMSO solvent) and different concentrations (4, 8, 16, 32 μmol/L) of ginkgolide B group. After 24 hours of intervention, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability to screen the optimal concentration of ginkgolide B for subsequent experiments. Then A549 cells were divided into control group, ginkgolide B group (16 μmol/L ginkgolide B), positive drug group (0.4 mg/L adriamycin), inhibitor group (16 μmol/L ginkgolide B+10 μmol/L IKK/NF-κB pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082) and activator group (16 μmol/L ginkgolide B+1 μmol/L IKK/NF-κB pathway activator Prostratin), intervention for 24 hours. 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) was used to measure cell proliferation. Hoechst 33258 staining kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression levels of CyclinD1, Caspase-3 and IKK/NF-κB pathway-related proteins. According to the results of CCK-8 experiment, 16 μmol/L ginkgolide B was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of A549 cells and the protein expression levels of CyclinD1, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα in the ginkgolide B group and the positive drug group significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 protein expression level significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with ginkgolide B group, cell proliferation rate, CyclinD1, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα /IκBα ratio significantly decreased in inhibitor group (P<0.05), while apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 protein expression level significantly increased (P<0.05). In the activator group, cell proliferation rate, CyclinD1, p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios significantly increased (P<0.05), while apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 protein expression levels significantly decreased (P<0.05). Ginkgolide B can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of A549 cells by regulating IKK/NF-κB pathway signaling.
Key words: adenocarcinoma of the lung; ginkgolide B; IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway; cell proliferation; cell apoptosis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 084-089）