Abstract: Lactate has long been regarded as a metabolic byproduct of glycolysis. Recent studies, however, have revealed its pivotal role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Excess lactate accumulation disrupts metabolic balance, suppresses the activity of T cells and NK cells, and induces the polarization of immunosuppressive cells, thereby reshaping the immune landscape of TIME. Meanwhile, lactylation, as a novel post-translational protein modification, mediates the regulation of epigenetic events by metabolic signals, promoting the expression of immune-related genes, such as PD-L1, IL-10, and Arg1, and further enhancing immune evasion. This review focuses on the metabolic-epigenetic coordination of lactate and lactylation in TIME, elaborating on lactate production and shuttling, immune-cell metabolic interactions, and the clinical potential of targeting lactate homeostasis. A deeper understanding of the lactate-lactylation axis may provide novel molecular targets and research directions for future tumor immunotherapy.
Key words: lactate; lactylation; tumor metabolism; immune regulation; therapeutic resistance
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 515-522）

Abstract: Alginate, a natural anionic polysaccharide derived from brown algae or microorganisms (e. g. , Azotobacter, Pseudomonas), exhibits unique gelling properties and biocompatibility with broad applications in food, pharmaceutical, and material industries. However, limitations including high molecular weight, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability restrict its utilization in high-value biomedicine. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS)—degradation products of alginate—demonstrate superior potential due to their low molecular weight and enhanced bioactivities, e. g. , antioxidant, immunomodulatory, glucose/lipid regulatory effects. Notably, sodium oligomannate (GV-971) has been developed as a novel therapeutic agent targeting the gut-brain axis for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This review systematically examines innovative extraction processes for marine algal alginate, alginate lyase development and oligosaccharide preparation and microbial fermentation production of alginate. We anticipate a historic paradigm shift in the alginate industry—from marine resource-dependence to microbial bio-manufacturing. Future research should focus on converging technologies, such as dual-production microbial cell factories, AI-guided fermentation, overcoming industrialization bottlenecks involving cost reduction, standardization, safety risk management; and expanding high-value applications involving precision medicine; sustainable materials; to advance lab-scale innovations toward scalable industrial implementation.
Key words: alginate; alginate lyase; alginate oligosaccharides; microbial alginate; extraction process
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 393-400）

Abstract: In order to observe the microscopic structure and lignin distribution of rice stalks efficiently and conveniently, this study adopted the natural drying-cryo-sectioning method and successfully obtained thin tissue sections. By combining the autofluorescence properties of plants and using confocal microscopy technique, the microscopic structure of rice stalks was observed. This technical method mainly improved the cryosectioning technique for rice stalks. After rice stalks were naturally dried for a certain period of time, they were directly embedded and sectioned. Sections can be prepared with or without safranin staining to obtain microscopic sections with relatively intact structures. Subsequently, ultraviolet light, blue light, and green light were used to excite the autofluorescence of rice stalks, followed by microscopic imaging and photography. The research results showed that the improved cryosectioning technique could produce tissue sections with a thickness of 1 μm and nearly intact cell structures. By using a laser scanning confocal microscope to collect red fluorescence signals excited by green light, the microscopic structure and lignin distribution of rice stalk sections can be observed quickly and clearly. This study provides references for the research on the tissue structures and the exploration of the physiological functions in Poaceae plants.
Key words: rice stalk; cryosection technique; confocal microscopy technique; cellular microstructure; lignin distribution
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 304-311）

Abstract: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), and herpangina (HA) are common pediatric diseases mainly caused by infection of enteroviruses (EVs). Therefore, clarifying the molecular epidemiology of EVs in HFMD and HA outbreaks is important for understanding the etiological characteristics of the diseases and facilitating the treatment. During an outbreak in 2021, throat swab samples were collected from 54 HFMD or HA patients aged (3.40±1.67) years in the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The prevalence of EVs in the samples was evaluated by viral metagenomic sequencing (VMGS), and the serotypes of these EVs were verified by PCR amplification of vp1 region followed by Sanger sequencing. Complete genomes of representative EV strains were further sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. For coxsackievirus (CV) A4, the predominant serotype in this outbreak, the amino acid sequences of VP1 were subjected to mutation analysis and immune epitope prediction. VMGS results revealed that sequence reads of EV genomes accounted for 98.29% of all the reads. PCR testing confirmed EV in 47 out of the 54 samples, representing an EV positive rate of 87.04%. Five EV serotypes were identified, including CVA2 (7, 14.89%), CVA4 (22, 46.81%), CVA10 (4, 8.51%), CVA16 (7, 14.89%), and CVB3 (3, 6.38%). Additionally, EV serotypes were undetermined in 4 EN-positive samples (8.51%). HFMD cases were tested positive for CVA4 and CVA16 only, while HA cases included all five serotypes.11 representative EV genomes revealed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 96.57% to 99.04%, compared to the closest reference strains. VP1 of CVA4, the predominant serotype, harbored 8 amino acid variation sites among which 2 were located within the predicted MHC class-I epitopes. This study characterized the serotype distribution and mutation profiles of EVs in pediatric HFMD and HA cases during the 2021 Changsha outbreak, providing critical data for local epidemiological surveillance. Amino acid sequence analysis of CVA4’s VP1 protein revealed persistent changes in immunogenic epitopes, suggesting viral adaptation to immune pressure — a finding with significant implications for vaccine development. Consequently, sustained molecular surveillance during outbreaks is essential to formulate effective prevention and control strategies.
Key words: enterovirus; hand-foot-and mouth disease; herpangina; molecular epidemiology; serotype
CLC number: Q939.4                     Document code: A                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.04.007

Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses visible and near-infrared light to provide detailed cross-sectional images of human tissue, widely used for the examination of fundus diseases. Currently, OCT is mainly divided into two types: time-domain and Fourier-domain, with the Fourier-domain further divided into spectral-domain and swept-source types. These types of OCT each have their own characteristics in terms of image acquisition methods, scanning speed, axial and lateral resolution, and imaging range. Swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) often uses scanning light sources with wavelengths of 1 050 nm or 1 300 nm, which have strong tissue penetration capabilities. Combined with faster scanning speeds and a wider scanning range, it can clearly display the deep structures of the retina and choroid, demonstrating unique advantages in the quantitative assessment of the fundus. Based on recent research advances, this paper will review the application of SS-OCT in ocular diseases, aiming to provide a reference for early diagnosis, elucidation of pathological mechanisms, and evaluation of therapeutic effects in ophthalmology.
Key words: swept-source optical coherence tomography; fundus diseases; choroidal vessel volume index; non-invasive imaging technology; fundus disease examination
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 481-488）

Abstract: Rhamnolipids have hydrophilic groups and are composed of 1～2 molecules of rhamnose. They are a type of lipid substance containing rhamnose structure. As a biological surfactant, it has the characteristics of high surface activity, low toxicity, and natural degradation, and has great potential application value in the fields of petroleum industry, food, medicine, cosmetics, green agriculture, and ecological environment. This study used phenol-sulfuric acid method, anthrone-sulfuric acid method, and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, replacing traditional spectrophotometers with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to determine the mass concentration of rhamnolipids. Subsequently, a micro rapid method for detecting the mass concentration of rhamnolipids was developed, aiming to achieve rapid, accurate, and sensitive determination of rhamnolipids. The phenol-sulfuric acid method was chosen as the optimal detection method for the mass concentration of rhamnolipids, we successfully established a phenol-sulfuric acid micro detection system, and optimized the detection conditions. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader, it was found that the absorbance value at 479 nm and the slope of the standard curve were both high. This allows for rapid detection of the mass concentration of rhamnolipids, saving time, hazardous chemicals, reducing the generation of waste gases, and improving detection efficiency. With the successful application of the phenol-sulfuric acid micro detection system, we can achieve rapid screening of a large number of samples, with simple operation, reduced time and labor costs, and reduced dependence on expensive equipment. The system can quickly detect the mass concentration of rhamnolipids in the transformation solution, laying the foundation for screening high transformation strains.
Key words: rhamnolipids; phenol-sulfuric acid method; anthrone-sulfuric method; 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method; high-throughput
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 466-472）

Abstract: Radiation therapy is an important treatment for malignant tumors. Although it can effectively kill tumor cells, it also causes ionizing radiation (IR) damage to normal tissues, resulting in a variety of acute and chronic adverse reactions. Currently, there are significant limitations in the efficacy, targeting, and safety of clinically available radioprotective drugs, and there is an urgent need for the development of new, more efficient and safer protection strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural nanocarriers, are capable of delivering functional molecules and participating in various processes, such as DNA repair, alleviation of oxidative stress, modulation of apoptosis, and immune microenvironment, which have demonstrated a wide range of potentials for the alleviation of IR-associated tissue damage. Numerous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), immune cell-derived EVs, and engineered EVs are effective in attenuating IR-induced tissue damage in various animal models. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the multiple mechanisms of EVs-mediated radioprotection, sorted out their main sources and biological properties, and focused on the optimization strategy of their engineering and the challenges of their clinical applications, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and research references for the development and translation of EVs as a novel means of radioprotection.
Key words: extracellular vesicles; radioprotection; MSC-EVs; DNA repair; oxidative stress
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 001-009）

Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in Southeast Asia and Southern China, with a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although early-stage NPC exhibits favorable local control with chemoradiotherapy, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance remain major clinical challenges. Immune cells play a critical role in tumor progression, among which macrophages — originating from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (differentiated via monocytes) — serve as core components of innate immunity, widely distributed in tissues to regulate inflammation and tissue repair. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a central constituent of the tumor microenvironment, are recruited and differentiated from monocytes by tumor-secreted cytokines, displaying high plasticity with two primary subtypes: pro-tumor M2 and anti-tumor M1. M2-type TAMs drive tumor progression by promoting proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, e. g. , overexpressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10). In contrast, M1-type TAMs exert direct anti-tumor effects through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), reactive oxygen species/nitric oxide (ROS/NO)-induced apoptosis, and activation of adaptive immunity via enhanced antigen presentation and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Clinical studies indicate that high infiltration of M2-type TAMs correlates with reduced patient survival, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and diminished immunotherapy response, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Current therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs include: inhibiting M2 recruitment by blocking the CCL2-CCR2/CSF-1R signaling axis; enhancing M1 function via epigenetic regulation or CD40 bispecific antibodies; depleting pro-tumor TAMs using clodronate liposomes or photothermal/photodynamic therapy; and combining with chemoradiotherapy or immunotherapy. This article systematically reviews the origin, classification, functions, and clinical relevance of TAMs in NPC, summarizes advancements in targeted therapeutic strategies, and provides theoretical and practical insights for individualized NPC treatment.
Key words: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; tumor-associated macrophages; tumor microenvironment; macrophage polarization; targeted therapy
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 504-514）

Abstract: This study combined network pharmacology and hippocampal metabolomics to explore the active components and mechanism of kaixinsan (KXS) in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APP/PS1 male mice were used as the AD model. The morris water maze test was performed to evaluate learning and memory abilities, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted to observe pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Through network pharmacology, common targets between KXS components in hippocampus and AD-related targets were identified, followed by gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and molecular docking. Hippocampal metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and differential metabolites were screened for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, comprehensive analysis was performed by integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics results. The morris water maze test shows that KXS improves learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. HE staining results indicate that KXS ameliorates central nervous system damage. LC-MS/MS identifies 466 KXS-derived compounds in hippocampus and 87 potential therapeutic targets. The main KEGG enriched pathways include lipid and atherosclerosis, efferocytosis, and AD pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrate high binding affinity between KXS potential active components and key targets. A total of 501 differential metabolites are screened from hippocampus, enriching 6 metabolic pathways. Integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics pathways yields intersecting pathways including linoleic acid metabolism and cholinergic synapse. This study reveals that KXS components in hippocampus can target AD-related disease targets, which are associated with pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism and cholinergic synapse. These findings may explain the potential mechanism of KXS in treating AD.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease; kaixinsan; network pharmacology; metabolomics; molecular docking
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 426-441）

Abstract: In breast cancer radiotherapy, exposure of the heart and its substructures to radiation is one of the important risk factors for long-term cardiovascular diseases, which is particularly prominent in patients with left-sided breast cancer. The deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique is an effective method to reduce cardiac radiation dose by having the patient take a deep breath and hold it, thereby moving the heart away from the target area. This article systematically reviews the principles, dosimetric advantages of the DIBH technique, and its application effects when combined with different radiotherapy techniques involving three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and proton therapy technology. Studies have shown that the DIBH technique can significantly reduce the mean heart dose (MHD) and the doses to substructures such as the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left ventricle (LV). Among them, it is found that DIBH combined with 3DCRT or proton therapy technology has the best cardioprotective effect. While when combining IMRT and VMAT with DIBH, further consideration of target dose uniformity and cardiac dose is needed to select the optimal method. In addition, regarding the correlation between cardiac substructure doses and the risk of cardiovascular events, it is necessary to combine relevant factors such as anatomical characteristics, biomarkers, and dose parameters to construct an individualized risk prediction model. In the future, we should focus on technical optimization, patient selection, and multimodal image guidance. Through these measures, maximizing the use of the DIBH technique will enable us to minimize radiotherapy-related cardiac toxicity.
Key words: breast cancer; radiation therapy; deep inspiration breath hold; cardiac protection; dosimetry
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 010-018）

Abstract: This article uses snail enzyme combined with ultrasound to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, optimizes its extraction process, and verifies the antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Based on single factor experiments, the effects of enzymatic pH, enzymatic temperature, and enzymatic time on the extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were investigated, and the optimal process conditions were determined using orthogonal experiments combined with ultrasonic fragmentation method. Three methods, including DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracted Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. The experimental results showed that the optimal process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis pH of 5, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 50℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 2.5 h, ultrasonic crushing for 15 s each time, intermittent for 30 s, and a total of 5 cycles. Under this condition, the extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was 1.595%, and the extracted Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity. This study provides ideas for exploring a high-yield and high antioxidant activity Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction method.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide; snail enzyme; ultrasonic crushing method; enzymatic hydrolysis process; antioxidant activity
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 417-425）

Abstract: With the widespread application of ultraviolet laser technology, the potential risk of damage to biological tissues, especially the eyes, has been closely monitored. The issue of eye damage caused by ultraviolet lasers has always been a hot topic among researchers studying the effects of eye damage. The spectral range of ultraviolet lasers covers a wavelength range of 200 nm to 400 nm, and the complex structure of the eye is responsible for that it responds differently to ultraviolet light of different wavelengths. This paper aims to review the damage effects of ultraviolet lasers on the eyes, organize relevant literature, and discuss the mechanisms of damage, clinical applications, current protective measures, and future research directions. Determination of the biological damage effects of ultraviolet lasers on the eyes and the mechanisms underlying ultraviolet laser eye damage is beneficial for improving related medical and repairment technologies and is of great significance for the formulation of effective safety protection standards.
Key words: ultraviolet laser; eye damage; photokeratitis; photochemical damage; protection and repair technology
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 401-408）

Abstract: To investigate the effects of propofol (Pro) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes via regulation of the silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)/p53 signaling pathway-mediated ferroptosis, an in vitro H9C2 cell H/R model was established. Cells were divided into the following groups: Control group, H/R group, H/R+Pro group, H/R+Pro+erastin group, H/R+Pro+si-NC group, and H/R+Pro+si-SIRT1 group. The cytotoxic effect of Pro on H9C2 cells was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using the 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oxidative stress markers were quantified using corresponding assay kits. Expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results demonstrated that compared to the Control group, the H/R group exhibited significantly reduced cell viability, elevated levels of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear membrane rupture, increased mitochondrial membrane density, loss of mitochondrial cristae, swelling and rupture of mitochondria, increased Fe2+ content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, elevated levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and p53, and reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SIRT1 (P<0.05). Pro treatment significantly ameliorated H/R injury, increasing cell viability and elevating SOD, CAT, GPX4, and SIRT1 levels, while reducing Fe2+ content, ROS, MDA, ACSL4, and p53 levels, and restoring mitochondrial structure (P<0.05). Erastin partially reversed the protective effects of Pro (P<0.05). Conversely, si-SIRT1 completely abolished the effects of Pro, resulting in decreased GPX4 levels and increased Fe2+ content and ACSL4 levels (P<0.05). This study revealed that Propofol likely protects cardiomyocytes against H/R injury by activating the SIRT1/p53 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis. This finding provides crucial mechanistic insight into Propofol-mediated cardioprotection and suggests a potential novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Key words: propofol; silent information regulator 1/p53 signaling pathway; ferroptosis; cardiomyocytes; hypoxia/reoxygenation injury
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 561-568）

Abstract: Hearing loss is a widespread global health issue that affects all regions and countries. It is classified into conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss. Oxidative stress and redox homeostasis imbalance are important factors causing cochlear damage, and NRF2 is a crucial antioxidant regulatory factor. In the human body, the Nfe2l2 gene is widely expressed in the central nervous system, auditory organs, and metabolism-related organs and tissues, playing a significant role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, responding to oxidative stress, and regulating metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, and immune responses. In noise exposure experiments, Nrf2-KO mice showed more severe hearing impairment compared to wild-type mice. In zebrafish, nrf2a is widely expressed in the early stages of embryonic development and acts as a core transcription factor to regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes, constituting an important defense mechanism against exogenous oxidative damage from chemicals and heavy metals. Besides its antioxidant function, this gene is crucial for the development and homeostasis maintenance of various organs in zebrafish, such as the liver and nervous system, and plays an important protective role in regulating inflammatory responses, metabolic processes, and inhibiting apoptosis. To study the specific mechanism of this gene in the development of inner ear and lateral line hair cells, a zebrafish nrf2a gene knockout line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. First, online analysis tools were used to screen the knockout target sites of the nrf2a gene, and the guide DNA of this gene was amplified and synthesized by polymerase chain reaction. This was then used as a template for transcription, and the transcribed sgRNA was mixed with Cas9 protein at a ratio of 5: 1 and injected into 1-cell stage zebrafish embryos. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the gene knockout was verified. The results showed that there was a large fragment deletion in the nrf2a gene, and translation was prematurely terminated, indicating successful knockout of the gene. After screening, a homozygous mutant of the nrf2a gene was obtained, laying the foundation for studying the role of this gene in the development of inner ear and lateral line hair cells.
Key words: zebrafish; CRISPR/Cas9; nrf2a gene; hearing loss; inner ear development
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 072-080）

Abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small non-coding RNA widely involved in various physiological processes, regulates the expression of protein-coding genes by binding to target mRNA. The miR-194 gene is highly expressed in the liver and serves as a key serum biomarker for diagnosing early liver injury in humans. However, the role of miR-194 in the progression of liver injury remains unclear. The results of bioinformatics analysis indicated that the miR-194 gene was highly conserved in various species. To reveal the role of miR-194 gene in liver development, this study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to construct miR-194b knockout lines, and to preliminarily investigate the role of miR-194b gene in liver development. First, two target sites of miR-194b gene were designed using an online website. The sgRNA template DNA was obtained by PCR amplification, and then DNA was transcribed to generate sgRNA. The sgRNA and Cas9 protein were co-injected into the zebrafish 1-cell embryos. After injection, the embryos were raised to 2 months of age and screened to obtain the F0 generation chimeric mutants. F0 chimeras were crossed with wild-type zebrafish to obtain F1 heterozygotes, which were subsequently genotyped and screened for the same mutation type by Sanger sequencing. F1 generation heterozygotes were crossed and genotyped to obtain F2 generation of homozygous mutants. The miR-194b homozygous mutants exhibited no obvious phenotypic abnormalities and were fertile. Overexpression of miR-194b caused does-dependent developmental malformations, including disorganized myotomes, pericardial edema, smaller liver, and absence of swim bladder, demonstrating that the miR-194b plays an important role in the early development and organogenesis of zebrafish embryos. In this study, we successfully constructed a zebrafish miR-194b knockout line, which lays the foundation for an in-depth study of the role of miR-194 in liver development.
Key words: zebrafish; miR-194b gene; liver development; microRNAs; CRISPR/Cas9
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 319-327）

Abstract: Bioinformatics analysis-based construction of a prognostic prediction model to investigate the relationship between specific solute carrier protein (SLC)-related genes and gastric cancer (GC) in immunity and prognosis. RNA sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. Differential expression of SLC-related genes was extracted using R software. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to construct a risk prediction model for GC prognosis based on SLC-related genes closely associated with survival. The prognostic performance of the model was validated through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Correlations between risk scores and immune-infiltrating cells, tumor immune microenvironment, and clinical features were assessed. The impact of SLC43A3 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 cells was evaluated via CCK-8, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays. A total of 115 differentially expressed SLC-related genes were identified, with 14 genes linked to prognosis. Eight genes were selected to establish the prognostic risk scoring model. The SLC-related gene prognostic model demonstrates high predictive value and is significantly associated with heterogeneity in immune cell infiltration, providing important references for personalized medication in GC patients. Functional experiments revealed that SLC43A3 significantly promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. This study may suggest novel therapeutic targets for GC targeted therapy research.
Key words: gastric cancer; specific solute carrier protein; prognostic model; immune reaction; bioinformatics
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 374-384）

Abstract: Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of chromosomes, composed of repetitive DNA sequences and associated proteins. Their primary role is to maintain chromosomal stability and integrity by preventing progressive loss of chromosome ends and unwanted chromosomal rearrangements. Changes in telomere length are closely linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, aging, and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, measuring telomere length holds significant biological importance. Driven by technological advances, a diverse array of methods for telomere-length assessment has emerged, forming a rich technical landscape. Each method carries distinct advantages and limitations, making it suitable for particular research goals and application contexts. This review summarizes current findings on all major telomere-measurement techniques and offers recommendations for future technological development, emphasizing the potential of integrating innovative approaches to enhance disease diagnosis and treatment strategies, providing researchers and clinicians with a guide for selecting optimal methods and facilitating the translation of telomere biology into precise diagnostics and personalized therapies.
Key words: telomere length; detection methods; cellular senescence; biomarker; accurate diagnosis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 496-503）

Abstract: To identify the pathogen and its taxonomic status causing a new leaf spot disease in the Yongzhou tobacco-growing area of Hunan Province, and to screen effective control agents through laboratory toxicity assays, in this study, tobacco leaves were collected from the tobacco-growing regions of Yongzhou. The pathogen was isolated via tissue culture, single-spore isolation, and purification. Pathogenicity was confirmed through in vitro inoculation. The pathogen was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS region, followed by phylogenetic analysis, combined with morphological characterization of colonies and spores. The indoor toxicity of nine fungicides, including 43% Fluopyram·Trifloxystrobin (SC), against the pathogen was determined using the mycelial growth rate method. Laboratory toxicity tests indicated that 43% Fluopyram‌·Trifloxystrobin (SC), 70% Thiophanate-methyl (WP), and 42.4% Pyraclostrobin·Fluopyram (SC) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects against Corynespora. cassiicola, with EC50 values of 3.028 5 mg/L, 5.148 0 mg/L, and 8.787 9 mg/L, respectively. Moderately effective fungicides included 70% Mancozeb (WP), 75% Trifloxystrobin·Tebuconazole (WG), 32.5% Benzovindiflupyr·Azoxystrobin (SC), and 38% Pyraclostrobin·Boscalid (WG), with EC50 values of 21.844 3 mg/L, 31.841 8 mg/L, 32.080 1 mg/L, and 41.867 6 mg/L, respectively. The least effective agents were 40% Mefentrifluconazole·Pyraclostrobin (SC) and 75% Chlorothalonil (WP), with EC50 values of 192.466 9 mg/L and 1 341.062 0 mg/L, respectively. This study revealed that the new leaf spot disease on tobacco in Yongzhou was caused by C. cassiicola. C. cassiicola was identified as the causal agent of Corynespora leaf spot disease in tobacco. Strobilurin and benzimidazole fungicides showed superior inhibitory efficacy. The findings provide a scientific basis for the effective local control of tobacco Corynespora leaf spot disease.
Key words: tobacco; Corynespora leaf spot disease; Corynespora cassiicola; indoor virulence assay; fungicide
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 053-061）

Abstract: As a non-invasive, low-cost and low-risk treatment technology, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) shows a unique application prospect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This article introduces the pathogenesis of UC and the current application status of PBMT in clinical practice. It is analyzed that this therapy is expected to play a synergistic role with existing treatment methods such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations and biological agents. At the same time, this article also analyzes deeply the possible challenges and safety risks in the clinical application of PBMT. It is recommended that future research should focus on formulating operation methods, adjusting treatment parameters, developing individualized treatment plans, and adding safety measures, so as to promote the clinical transformation of PBMT in the treatment of UC.
Key words: biological optics; photobiomodulation therapy; low energy light source; ulcerative colitis; treatment
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 296-303）