Abstract: The research objective is to explore the potential mechanism of Qinghao Biejia decoction in treating bladder cancer, and clarify its effects on bladder function, macrophage polarization, and the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and FGFR4 in bladder cancer rats, in order to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, medium, and high doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the other groups established bladder cancer models. After successful modeling, the corresponding doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction or normal saline were administered by gavage. Urodynamic indicators were detected, pathological morphology was observed by HE staining, serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, macrophage polarization markers were detected by immunoblotting, FGFR2 and FGFR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the bladder pressure in the model group increased, the maximum capacity and compliance of bladder, voiding interval decreased (P<0.05), and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and bladder tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, FGFR2, and FGFR4 expression increased (P<0.05), while IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), CD206, and Arg-1 expression decreased (P<0.05), and the pathological damage was severe. Compared with the model group, all the above indicators in each administration group were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the improvement was dose-dependent. The study showed that Qinghao Biejia decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on bladder cancer rats, can effectively improve macrophage polarization and bladder function, and inhibit expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4. Under the conditions of this study, the medium dose and high dose of Qinghao Biejia decoction intervention effect were more prominent, and the comprehensive efficacy was the best in the high dose group.
Keywords: Qinghao Biejia decoction; bladder cancer; macrophage polarization; bladder function; expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 282-288）