Abstract: Infectious diseases currently confront major challenges, such as the spread of drug-resistant microorganisms, immunological evasion, and the lack of specificity in traditional drugs. Due to their unique biological characteristics, the macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles offer novel strategies to address these issues. This review outlines the construction methods of these nanoparticles and explains their immunomodulatory mechanisms. By utilizing natural membrane receptors, these nanoparticles can specifically recognize pathogens, induce targeted homing to inflammatory areas, and accomplish particular functional control by polarization or genetic modification. Furthermore, we discuss the application of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in infectious diseases, including targeted delivery systems, biological neutralization and immunomodulatory vaccines. This review aims to systematically summarize the technological advances and challenges of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in the field of anti-infection, providing new insights and a scientific framework for the development and clinical translation of targeted nanomedicines.
Keywords: macrophage membrane; infectious diseases; targeted delivery; biological neutralization; immune regulation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 214-221）