Abstract: Over the past few decades, ultrafast laser internal modification technology has emerged as a widely adopted method for the three-dimensional (3D) micromachining of transparent materials, enabling the fabrication of complex structures and devices with exceptional geometric freedom. However, the direct application of laser 3D printing technology for the production of industrial-scale complex devices composed of hard and brittle materials such as glass and ceramics still poses significant challenges. This paper first elucidates the mechanisms by which extreme spatiotemporal control of ultrafast laser-material interactions can be achieved deep inside of transparent materials. The development of a high-resolution, high-throughput ultrafast laser 3D printing technology tailored for the manufacture of industrial-scale glass microreactors is also reviewed. The resulting glass microreactors exhibit both flexible 3D microchannel architectures and large liquid holding volumes. Their successful implementation in the high-throughput, high-performance continuous flow synthesis of advanced pharmaceuticals and chemicals is poised to catalyze a new technological revolution in the field of flow chemistry.
Key words: laser three-dimensional printing; microreactor; microfluidics; flow chemistry; femtosecond laser micromachining
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 385-392）