Specific and sensitive detection of small molecules such as drugs, herbicides, food additives etc. has been widely studied. However, most of  the commonly used analytical methods lack high specificity and their utilization is hindered due to the complex procedures, expensive detection instruments and the need of highly skilled personnel. In this study, we combined quantum dots surface molecular imprinting polymers (QDs@MIPs) with optical fiber and constructed a novel optical fiber sensor for the detection of small molecule ractopamine (RAC). In the experiment, we explored the characterization of QDs@MIPs, the performance of optical fiber probes, the concentration response of optical fiber probes to RAC, the specificity and the intensity distribution of the optical fiber sensors. Results showed that the optical fiber probes could improve the sensitivity of the fiber sensor. The novel molecular imprinted optical fiber sensors have higher specific recognition ability, selective adsorption capabilities and strong antiinterference ability. Meanwhile, this detection method is suitable for pointofcare application due to the simple and fast detection process.