In order to improve the mutation frequency and effect of rice mutation breeding. The mutation effects of two different rice genotypes irradiated by new mutagen highenergy electron beam (EB) were studied in this research, and compared with the traditional 60Coγ ray treatment. The optimal irradiation dose of EB applied to rice mutation breeding was explored, and the biological damage characteristics of M1 Generation and M2 generation were analyzed. The frequency of phenotypic mutation of agronomic traits was studied. The damage and mutation effects of different genotypes of rice treated by high energy electron beam were studied. This study provides a reference for rice mutation breeding by high energy electron beam.