Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect blood glucose. The results showed that the optimal excitation wavelength for detecting serum was 340 nm, and the emission peak position of glucose in serum was 470 nm. With the increase of glucose levels, the fluorescence intensity at the fluorescence peak in the fluorescence spectrum and the area integrals showed an upward trend overall, and the full width at half maximum of the fluorescence peak showed a decreasing trend as a whole. Nearinfrared spectroscopy was used to detect blood glucose. The resolvable spectra at 5 600~6 060 cm-1, and the absorption peak of different glucose concentrations were located at 5 768 cm-1. With the increase of glucose concentration, the absorbance at the absorption peak and the area integrals show an upward trend. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the two, the fluorescence analysis method is less affected by external factors, and its accuracy was higher, the correlation between spectral parameters and blood glucose concentration is more obvious, therefore it has more advantages in invasive detection, and nearinfrared spectroscopy detection of blood glucose has greater potential in noninvasive glucose detection.