In order to identify the ingredients in parenchymatous cells at room temperature, and avoid sample pretreatment and extractions which can be labor intensive, A method was presented that a novel and original approach to analyze in situ the main components of the parenchymatous cells in Curcuma longa  L by means of Raman spectroscopy. Fresh samples were prepared by freehand section. Under the DXR laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer, the parenchymatous cells can be seen with objective lens of 10.Dehong, guangxi,xisuabannan of Curcuma longa L,the three sample have similar Raman spectrum, high intensity bands are present at  1 632/1 633/1 637、1 599/1 601/1 605、1 184/1 186/1 190 cm¹，middle intensity bands are present at 1 529/1 528/1 534、1 425/1 426/1 430、1 306/1 308/1 311、1 235/1 235/1 239、1 167/1 168/1 173、1 122/1 125/1 130、967/969/975 .It means that the three samples have the same principal component. It has been found that the Raman spectrum of three sample correlate very well with curcumin Raman spectrum. There are 19 main  spectroscopic bands in the Raman spectrum of curcumin. For the 17 presented spectroscopic bands of Curcuma longa L orange parenchymatous cells, there are 16 bands which correlate very well with curcumin. For Curcuma longa L yellow parenchymatous cells most bands correlate very well with amylopectin.The Raman spectroscopy of curcumin was calculated by density functional theory (DFT). The Raman spectroscopic bands were given assignment with the help of calculation.