The rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding and the increasing complexity of diseases lead to the widespread use of veterinary antibiotics. However, most of the antibiotics cannot be absorbed or metabolized absolutely in vivo, and amounts of antibiotics are excreted via feces and urine in the form of original or metabolites. That has led to a large number of residual antibiotics in the livestock excrement. The residual antibiotics are involved in soil and water through various pathways, caused the potential ecological risk and the transmission of resistance genes. The degradation methods of antibiotic residues are reviewed in this paper, such as composting, anaerobic digestion, advanced oxidation, phytoremediation, etc. In addition, the influence factors of degradation methods are expounded, so as to provide reference for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste.