In the past knowledge, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis played a role in chemotaxis and cell migration. Yet studies in the last few years showed that its function also involves cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cells homing, inflammation, immunoregulation and other life processes. In many types of tumor, CXCR4 is highly expressed, and contributes significantly to metastasis of these types of tumor. With respect to stem cells homing, the expressions of CXCR4 in all kinds of mesenchymal stem cells are generally low, by overexpressing CXCR4 in mesenchymal stem cells via certain virus vectors and then transplanting them to mammal models of injuries and inflammatory diseases, the researchers achieved satisfactory results, which received great attention. In terms of immunoregulation, researchers discovered that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is also involved in. Here in this article, the new functions of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis are reviewed.