摘 要：本文采用蜗牛酶协同超声波提取灵芝多糖，优化其提取工艺，并验证灵芝多糖的抗氧化活性。在单因素实验的基础上，考察酶解pH、酶解温度、酶解时间对灵芝多糖提取得率的影响，利用正交试验结合超声破碎法确定其最佳工艺条件，并采用自由基清除法（DPPH）、自由基阳离子清除法（ABTS）、铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法（FRAP）3种方法对提取的灵芝多糖进行抗氧化活性的测定。试验结果表明，提取灵芝多糖的最佳工艺条件：酶解pH值为5，酶解温度为50℃，酶解时间为2.5 h，超声破碎每次15 s，间歇30 s，共循环5次。在此条件下，灵芝多糖的提取得率为1.595%，且提取的灵芝多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性。本文为探究一种高提取得率、高抗氧化活性的灵芝多糖提取方法提供了思路。

关键词：灵芝多糖；蜗牛酶；超声波破碎法；酶解工艺；抗氧化
中图分类号：R284.2                            文献标志码：A                   DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.05.005

Abstract: This article uses snail enzyme combined with ultrasound to extract Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, optimizes its extraction process, and verifies the antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Based on single factor experiments, the effects of enzymatic pH, enzymatic temperature, and enzymatic time on the extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were investigated, and the optimal process conditions were determined using orthogonal experiments combined with ultrasonic fragmentation method. Three methods, including DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracted Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. The experimental results showed that the optimal process parameters for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis pH of 5, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 50℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 2.5 h, ultrasonic crushing for 15 s each time, intermittent for 30 s, and a total of 5 cycles. Under this condition, the extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was 1.595%, and the extracted Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity. This study provides ideas for exploring a high-yield and high antioxidant activity Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction method.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide; snail enzyme; ultrasonic crushing method; enzymatic hydrolysis process; antioxidant activity
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 417-425）