摘 要：褐藻胶（alginate）是一种从褐藻或微生物（如固氮菌、假单胞菌）中提取的天然阴离子多糖，具有独特的凝胶性和生物相容性，广泛应用于食品、医药和材料领域。然而，其相对分子质量高、水溶性差及生物利用度低等问题限制了其在高附加值生物医药领域的应用。褐藻胶寡糖（AOS）作为褐藻胶的降解产物，凭借相对分子质量低、高生物活性（如抗氧化、免疫调节、调节血糖血脂等）展现出巨大应用前景和开发潜力，特别是甘露寡糖二酸（GV-971）已成为靶向脑-肠轴的阿尔茨海默病治疗新药。本文从海洋褐藻胶提取工艺革新、褐藻胶裂解酶的研发与寡糖制备、微生物发酵生产褐藻胶等多个角度进行系统阐述，预判褐藻胶产业将经历从“海洋资源依赖型”向“微生物智造型”的历史性转型。未来研究将聚焦技术融合（如“一菌双产”微生物细胞工厂、开发AI驱动的智能发酵控制系统）、攻克产业化瓶颈（成本压缩、标准化、安全风险管控）及开拓高附加值应用（精准医疗、绿色材料）等，以推动该领域从实验室走向规模化应用。
关键词：褐藻胶；褐藻胶裂解酶；褐藻胶寡糖；微生物褐藻胶；提取工艺
中图分类号：TS201.1              文献标志码：A                   DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.05.002

Abstract: Alginate, a natural anionic polysaccharide derived from brown algae or microorganisms (e. g. , Azotobacter, Pseudomonas), exhibits unique gelling properties and biocompatibility with broad applications in food, pharmaceutical, and material industries. However, limitations including high molecular weight, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability restrict its utilization in high-value biomedicine. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS)—degradation products of alginate—demonstrate superior potential due to their low molecular weight and enhanced bioactivities, e. g. , antioxidant, immunomodulatory, glucose/lipid regulatory effects. Notably, sodium oligomannate (GV-971) has been developed as a novel therapeutic agent targeting the gut-brain axis for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This review systematically examines innovative extraction processes for marine algal alginate, alginate lyase development and oligosaccharide preparation and microbial fermentation production of alginate. We anticipate a historic paradigm shift in the alginate industry—from marine resource-dependence to microbial bio-manufacturing. Future research should focus on converging technologies, such as dual-production microbial cell factories, AI-guided fermentation, overcoming industrialization bottlenecks involving cost reduction, standardization, safety risk management; and expanding high-value applications involving precision medicine; sustainable materials; to advance lab-scale innovations toward scalable industrial implementation.
Key words: alginate; alginate lyase; alginate oligosaccharides; microbial alginate; extraction process
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 393-400）