摘　要：豆科植物的种子通常因硬实而具有物理休眠，其种皮内含物对萌发的影响尚不清楚。本研究以重要豆科植物柠条（Caragana korshinskii Kom.）和木豆（Cajanus cajan L.）的种子为试材，使用质量浓度分别为0.05 g/mL和0.10 g/mL的柠条和木豆种皮浸提液为基质萌发水稻（Oryza sativa L.）种子，并以H2O为萌发基质萌发水稻种子作为对照组，统计分析水稻种子的发芽指标，并检测水稻种子在不同处理基质下吸胀48 h后的胚中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧阴离子（O2–）含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标及相关基因表达变化情况。结果表明：两种豆科植物的种皮浸提液均可以抑制水稻种子的萌发，且柠条的抑制作用显著高于木豆；与以H2O作为萌发基质的对照组相比，经种皮浸提液处理的水稻种胚中MDA和O2–的含量均有所增加，且柠条处理组中的更高；柠条处理组中水稻胚的抗氧化酶活性及相关基因表达被显著抑制，但木豆处理组抗氧化酶活性及相关基因表达有升有降，推测抗氧化系统并未受到全面抑制。综上所述，由于柠条和木豆种皮内含物的组成成分存在差异，不同种皮浸提液处理可能对萌发过程中水稻种胚抗氧化能力产生不同程度的抑制，从而引起氧化损伤程度差异，最终影响种子萌发，其调控机制需进一步研究。本研究为进一步揭示种皮影响种子萌发的生理机制提供了科学依据。
关键词：豆科植物；种皮浸提液；种子萌发；抗氧化
中图分类号：S52　　　　　　　文献标志码：A　　　　DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.02.008

Abstract: Seeds of leguminous plants often exhibit physical dormancy due to hard seededness, yet the impact of their seed coat constituents on germination remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed coat extracts from two important leguminous species, Caragana korshinskii Kom, and Cajanus cajan L., on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed germination. Rice seeds were germinated on substrates containing seed coat extracts of C. korshinskii or C. cajan at mass concentrations of 0.05 g/mL and 0.10 g/mL, respectively, with distilled water (H2O) serving as the control. Germination indices were statistically analyzed, and physiological parameters — including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion (O2–) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and related gene expression — were measured in rice embryos after 48 hours of imbibition under different treatments. The results demonstrated that seed coat extracts from both leguminous species inhibited rice seed germination, with C. korshinskii exhibiting significantly stronger suppression than C. cajan. Compared to the H2O control, embryos treated with seed coat extracts showed elevated MDA and O2– levels, with higher accumulation observed in the C. korshinskii treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expression were significantly suppressed in the C. korshinskii group, whereas the C. cajan group displayed mixed responses, suggesting incomplete inhibition of the antioxidant system. In conclusion, differences in the composition of seed coat constituents between C. korshinskii and C. cajan may lead to varying degrees of suppression on the antioxidant capacity of rice embryos during germination, resulting in differential oxidative damage and ultimately affecting seed germination. The underlying regulatory mechanisms require further investigation. This study provides a scientific basis for elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which seed coats influence seed germination.
Key word: leguminous plants; seed coat extract; seed germination; antioxidation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 157-164）