摘　要：本研究提出了一种基于偏振敏感光学相干层析术的指甲及周围皮肤组织特异性偏振识别方法。该方法可用于快速、准确识别指甲及周围皮肤组织的微观结构和判定其结构状态。该研究获得了多偏振参数理论引导下的组织偏振参数图像和深度曲线；通过分析多种偏振参数对组织不同部位的敏感度，揭示出具有明确物理意义的不同偏振参数与指甲及周围皮肤组织微观结构的关联度；定义了甲板结构定位的标记参数、甲板微观结构状态的监测参数和甲板边界的识别参数；最终确定了6个参数作为指甲及周围皮肤组织特异性识别偏振参数组。研究表明，针对指甲及周围皮肤组织，多种偏振参数反映的信息之间具有一定的互补性，在组织状态监测和诊断方面具有一定的潜力。所制定的特异性识别参数组具有区分指甲及周围皮肤微观结构、确定微观结构边界的能力。研究成果可以用于辅助医生完成对指甲及周围皮肤组织大范围监测以及小范围微观组织结构的高效识别和分析的工作。
关键词：穆勒矩阵；偏振光学相干层析；位相延迟；斯托克斯向量；指甲及周围皮肤组织；偏振识别方法
中图分类号： TN247　　　　　　文献标志码：A　　　　　　DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.02.006

Abstract:  In this paper, a specific identification method for human nail fold based on polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography is presented. This method can be used to quickly and accurately identify the microstructure and determine the structural state of nail and surrounding skin tissue. Images of polarization parameters and curves of corresponding parameters as a function of depth of tissue guided by the theory of multiple polarization parameters are obtained based on the polarization optical coherence tomography system; on the basis of fully analyzing the theoretical model of multi-polarization parameters of tissue and image data, polarization parameters with high sensitivity to different parts of tissue are determined and selected; the degree of correlation between different polarization parameters with clear physical significance and the microstructure of nail and surrounding skin tissue is revealed. Finally, marking parameters for locating nail plate, monitoring parameters of the status of nail plate and identifying parameters of boundaries between nail plate and nail bed are defined. These are the meaningful set of parameters for distinguishing the human nail fold from the surrounding structures. These results can be used to assist doctors to complete the large-scale monitoring of nail and surrounding skin tissue and the efficient identification and analysis of small-scale microstructure.
Key words: Mueller matrix; PS-OCT; retardance; Stokes vector; nail and surrounding skin tissue; polarization determination method
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 140-147）