（湖南师范大学心脏发育研究中心，长沙 410081）
摘　要：叶酸，又称为维生素B9，在DNA合成、RNA转录、同型半胱氨酸生成蛋氨酸以及细胞代谢等多种化学反应中扮演着关键角色。胚胎发育受环境和遗传因素的共同调控，叶酸是动物胚胎器官正常发育所需的重要营养物质，母体补充叶酸可降低心脏、眼睛、神经管及肾脏等多种先天器官发育异常的风险。本文对叶酸转运机制、叶酸的代谢、叶酸与DNA甲基化、表观遗传修饰等在早期胚胎器官发育过程中的作用进行了阐述。此外，我们分析了叶酸缺乏对动物胚胎器官发育的影响以及孕期补充叶酸的重要性，为未来预防和治疗胚胎器官发育异常提供了重要的理论基础。
关键词：叶酸；胚胎器官发育；叶酸代谢；DNA甲基化；表观遗传修饰
中图分类号：Q344                               文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.03.002

(Center of Heart Development，College of Life Science，Hunan Normal University，Changsha 410081，China)
Abstract: Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays a key role in DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, homocysteine to methionine and cellular metabolism. Embryonic development is regulated by both environmental and genetic factors. Folic acid is an important nutrient for the normal development of animal embryonic organs. Maternal folic acid supplementation can reduce the risk of congenital organ dysplasia, such as heart, eyes, neural tube and kidney development abnormalities. In this study, we elucidates the involvement of folic acid transport, folic acid metabolism and the relationship between folic acid supplementation and epigenetic modifications in early embryonic organ development. In addition, we analyzed the effect of folic acid deficiency on the development of animal embryonic organs and the importance of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of abnormal embryonic organ development in the future.
Key words: folate acid; embryonic organ development; folate acid metabolism; DNA methylation; epigenetic modifications
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 201-208）