摘　要：磷酸化是真核细胞中常见的一种翻译后修饰方式，它对生物体内多种代谢活动和细胞信号转导过程起着调控作用。植物病毒蛋白通过磷酸化和去磷酸化修饰调节蛋白质的生物活性，从而影响细胞内的生物信号传递。磷酸化修饰的植物病毒蛋白参与调控病毒的侵染、病毒RNA的合成、病毒的RNA沉默以及调控宿主基因的表达。近年来，植物病毒蛋白磷酸化的分子机制得到了广泛和深入的研究。本文总结了植物病毒蛋白磷酸化修饰的位点、磷酸化鉴定方法及其生物学功能，为磷酸化在植物和病毒相互作用中的生物学功能提供了参考。
关键词：植物病毒蛋白；磷酸化；蛋白激酶；病毒侵染；翻译后修饰
中图分类号：Q291                             文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2023.04.003

Abstract: Phosphorylation, a widespread post-translational modification observed in eukaryotic cells, plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic activities and cell signal transduction processes. In organisms, plant viral proteins have the ability to modulate the biological activity of proteins through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modifications, thereby controlling the transmission of biological signals within cells. The phosphorylation-modified plant viral proteins actively participate in regulating viral infection, viral RNA synthesis, RNA silencing and host gene expression. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the phosphorylation of plant virus proteins. This article provides an overview of phosphorylation modification sites, methods for identifying phosphorylation, and the biological functions of plant viral proteins, aiming to offer valuable insights into the role of phosphorylation in plant-virus interactions.
Key words: plant viral proteins; phosphorylation; protein kinases; viral infection; posttranslational modification
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2023, 32(4): 304-311）