摘 要：由镰刀菌（Fusarium spp.）引起的烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）根腐病是烟草生产上危害最严重的土传病害之一。本研究通过平板对峙法，从湖南省湘西自治州烟草镰刀菌根腐病病株的根际土壤中分离到一株可拮抗7种镰刀菌的真菌HY31。经形态学和内在转录间隔区（ITS）测序，将其鉴定为棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）。进一步研究表明，菌株HY31不但具有解钾、溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力，还可抑制镰刀菌菌丝生长、重寄生于镰刀菌菌丝并激活烟草抗病基因的表达。盆栽试验结果表明，HY31对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防效为61.53%，且对烟草具有显著的促生效果。本研究发掘了一株对烟草镰刀菌根腐病具有良好的生物防治潜力的棘孢木霉HY31，为烟草镰刀菌根腐病的生物防治提供了优良的候选菌株资源。

关键词：烟草镰刀菌根腐病；镰刀菌；棘孢木霉；生物防治；盆栽试验
中图分类号：S435.72；S476     文献标志码：A     DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.04.006

Abstract: Tobacco root rot caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases affecting tobacco production. In this study, a fungus HY31, which can antagonize seven Fusarium species, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants infected with Fusarium root rot in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province by using the plate-confrontation assay. It was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Further studies showed that strain HY31 not only has the ability to solubilize potassium and both organic and inorganic phosphorus, but can also directly inhibit Fusarium mycelial growth, parasitize Fusarium mycelia, and indirectly activate the expression of tobacco defense genes. Pot experiments indicated that HY31 had a control efficacy of 61.53% against tobacco Fusarium root rot and also exhibited significant growth-promoting effects on tobacco plants. This study identified Trichoderma asperellum HY31 as a promising biocontrol agent for tobacco Fusarium root rot, providing an excellent candidate resource for the biological control of this disease.
Keywords: tobacco Fusarium root rot; Fusarium spp. ; Trichoderma asperellum; biological control; pot experiment
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 337-346）