摘 要：本文以研究青蒿鳖甲方干预膀胱癌的潜在作用机制为目的，明确其对膀胱癌大鼠膀胱功能、巨噬细胞极化及成纤维细胞生长因子受体2（FGFR2）、FGFR4表达的影响，为临床膀胱癌的治疗提供试验依据。将SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、青蒿鳖甲方低、中、高剂量组，每组10只。除正常组外，其余各组建立膀胱癌模型，造模成功后分别灌胃相应剂量青蒿鳖甲汤或生理盐水，检测尿动力学指标，HE染色观察病理形态，酶联免疫吸附法检测血清炎症因子，免疫印迹法检测巨噬细胞极化标志物，免疫组化法检测FGFR2、FGFR4表达。结果显示，与正常组相比，模型组膀胱压力升高，膀胱最大容量、顺应性及排尿间隔降低（P<0.05），血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及膀胱组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、CD86、FGFR2、FGFR4表达升高（P<0.05），IL-10、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、CD206、Arg-1表达降低（P<0.05），病理损伤严重。与模型组相比，各给药组上述指标均显著改善（P<0.05），且呈剂量依赖性。研究表明，青蒿鳖甲方对膀胱癌大鼠具有显著疗效，可有效改善巨噬细胞极化及膀胱功能，并抑制FGFR2、FGFR4的表达。在本研究条件下，青蒿鳖甲方中剂量组和高剂量组的干预效果更为突出，其中高剂量组综合疗效最佳。
关键词：青蒿鳖甲方；膀胱癌；巨噬细胞极化；膀胱功能；成纤维细胞生长因子受体2和成纤维细胞生长因子受体4的表达
中图分类号：R737.14                文献标志码：A           DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.03.011

Abstract: The research objective is to explore the potential mechanism of Qinghao Biejia decoction in treating bladder cancer, and clarify its effects on bladder function, macrophage polarization, and the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and FGFR4 in bladder cancer rats, in order to provide experimental evidence for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, medium, and high doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the other groups established bladder cancer models. After successful modeling, the corresponding doses of Qinghao Biejia decoction or normal saline were administered by gavage. Urodynamic indicators were detected, pathological morphology was observed by HE staining, serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, macrophage polarization markers were detected by immunoblotting, FGFR2 and FGFR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the bladder pressure in the model group increased, the maximum capacity and compliance of bladder, voiding interval decreased (P<0.05), and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and bladder tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, FGFR2, and FGFR4 expression increased (P<0.05), while IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), CD206, and Arg-1 expression decreased (P<0.05), and the pathological damage was severe. Compared with the model group, all the above indicators in each administration group were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the improvement was dose-dependent. The study showed that Qinghao Biejia decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on bladder cancer rats, can effectively improve macrophage polarization and bladder function, and inhibit expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4. Under the conditions of this study, the medium dose and high dose of Qinghao Biejia decoction intervention effect were more prominent, and the comprehensive efficacy was the best in the high dose group.
Keywords: Qinghao Biejia decoction; bladder cancer; macrophage polarization; bladder function; expression of FGFR2 and FGFR4
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 282-288）