摘 要：本研究围绕重楼皂苷Ⅰ对人口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）细胞的作用展开探讨，体外培养OSCC细胞系SCC-9和CAL-27后，分别采用0、1、2、5 μmol/L的重楼皂苷Ⅰ进行处理，借助细胞计数试剂盒-8（CCK-8）法检测细胞增殖活性并计算半数抑制浓度（IC50），通过5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷（EdU）染色观察细胞增殖变化，利用流式细胞术（Annexin V-FITC/PI双染）对细胞凋亡率进行量化分析，同时,采用Western blot检测EGFR、p-STAT3、p-AKT、p53上调凋亡调控因子（Puma）、佛波酯诱导蛋白1（Noxa）的表达水平，通过RT-qPCR检测凋亡相关基因Puma、Noxa的mRNA表达量。结果表明，重楼皂苷Ⅰ能明显抑制OSCC细胞增殖，并使EGFR、p-STAT3、p-AKT的蛋白表达水平下调，同时可有效促进OSCC细胞凋亡，上调促凋亡因子Puma、Noxa的表达，且Puma、Noxa的mRNA表达量会随药物浓度的升高呈现显著增加趋势（P<0.05）。本研究证实，重楼皂苷Ⅰ可显著抑制OSCC细胞增殖，诱导细胞凋亡，该效应与Puma、Noxa的mRNA及蛋白表达水平上调呈显著浓度依赖性正相关，提示二者可能参与重楼皂苷Ⅰ诱导的OSCC细胞凋亡过程。
关键词：重楼皂苷Ⅰ；口腔鳞状细胞癌；凋亡；p53上调凋亡调控因子；佛波酯诱导蛋白1
中图分类号：R739.8                 文献标志码：A    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.03.010

Abstract: This study explored the effects of polyphyllin I on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. After culturing the human OSCC cell lines SCC-9 and CAL-27 in vitro, the cells were treated with 0, 1, 2, and 5 μmol/L of polyphyllin I. The cell proliferation activity was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. The changes in cell proliferation were observed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The apoptosis rate was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining). The expression levels of EGFR, p-STAT3, p-AKT, Puma, and Noxa were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes Puma and Noxa were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that polyphyllin I could significantly inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells, down-regulate the protein expression levels of EGFR, p-STAT3, and p-AKT, and effectively promote the apoptosis of OSCC cells, up-regulate the expression of pro-apoptotic factors Puma and Noxa, and the mRNA expression levels of Puma and Noxa would significantly increase with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). This study confirmed that polyphyllin I could significantly inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells and induce apoptosis. This effect was significantly and positively correlated with the up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of Puma and Noxa in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the two might be involved in the process of OSCC cell apoptosis induced by polyphyllin I.
Keywords: polyphyllin I; oral squamous cell carcinoma; apoptosis; Puma; Noxa
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 275-281）