摘 要：草鲴杂交鱼是通过雌性草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）与雄性黄尾密鲴（Xenocypris davidi Bleeker）远缘杂交获得的新型三倍体杂交鱼种，具有肉质好、抗逆性强等优点。肌肉生长抑制素（Mstn）作为动物肌肉发育和生长的关键负调控因子，其基因结构和表达模式在水产动物研究中具有重要意义。为研究Mstn基因的序列及其表达水平，本研究采用分子克隆技术对草鲴杂交鱼及其亲本的Mstn基因cDNA序列进行克隆与比较分析。结果显示，草鲴杂交鱼Mstn基因cDNA序列全长1 242 bp，与草鱼、黄尾密鲴的对应序列完全一致，同源性为100%。荧光定量分析表明，Mstn基因在三者的肌肉、肝脏和鳃组织中均有表达，其中，在肌肉组织中草鲴杂交鱼的表达量最高，在鳃组织中草鱼的表达量最高，而在肝脏组织中黄尾密鲴的表达量最高。本论文结果不仅丰富了草鲴杂交鱼Mstn基因的遗传背景资料，也为鱼类肌肉生长发育的分子机制研究提供了基础数据，同时为草鱼杂交育种策略优化提供了新思路。
关键词：远缘杂交；草鲴杂交鱼；肌肉生长抑制素；鱼类肌肉；生长发育
中图分类号：S961.5          文献标志码：A     DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.03.008

Abstract: The hybrid is a high-quality triploid hybrid obtained by distantly crossing female Ctenopharyngodon idella with a male Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, which has advantages including tender flesh and strong stress resistance. Myostatin (Mstn) is a key negative regulator of muscle development and growth in animals, and its structure and expression hold significant importance in fishery production. To explore the gene sequence and expression level of Mstn, the Mstn gene sequences of the hybrid fish and its parents were cloned by molecular cloning method for analysis and comparison in this study. The results indicate that: the cDNA sequence of the Mstn gene of hybrid fish was 1 242 bp long, and its sequence was identical to the sequences of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, with a nucleotide homology of up to 100%. Fluorescent quantitative analysis revealed that the Mstn gene is expressed in the muscle, liver, and gills of all three species, with the highest expression level in the muscle of the hybrid fish, the highest in the gills of Ctenopharyngodon idella, and the highest in the liver of Xenocypris davidi Bleeker. The findings of this thesis not only enrich the genetic information on the Mstn gene of the hybrid fish, but also provide fundamental data for research on muscle growth and development and offer a new approach for hybrid breeding of Ctenopharyngodon idella.
Keywords: distant hybridization; hybrid fish; myostatin; fish muscles; growth and development
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 262-269）