摘 要：本研究旨在探讨绿原酸（CGA）对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的红鲫肝损伤的保护作用，并基于Nrf2/HO-1信号通路初步阐明其作用机制。将红鲫随机分为对照组、模型组（CCl4处理）、不同质量浓度的CGA剂量组及阳性对照药水飞蓟素组。通过腹腔注射CCl4建立肝损伤模型，并分别检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）活性及总甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、总胆红素(TBIL)含量，同时测定肝胰组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性；通过HE染色观察肝胰组织病理变化；通过RT-qPCR检测肝组织中NFE2L2、HO-1、NQO1、GCL的mRNA表达水平。结果显示，模型组与对照组相比，血清中ALT、AST、AKP、γ-GT和总胆红素（TBIL）水平显著升高（P<0.05，P<0.01），肝组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著降低，MDA含量显著上升（P<0.05），肝胰细胞出现空泡变性、核固缩及溶解等病理损伤。CGA干预后，中、高剂量组血清生化指标显著改善，肝胰组织MDA含量均显著下降（P<0.05，P<0.01），SOD和GSH-Px活性明显恢复（P<0.05），肝组织病理损伤减轻，水飞蓟素组亦呈现改善趋势。此外，CGA中、高剂量组能显著上调NFE2L2、HO-1、NQO1、GCL的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。因此，CGA对CCl4诱导的红鲫肝损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路、增强抗氧化能力、减轻氧化应激有关。
关键词：红鲫；绿原酸；肝损伤；氧化应激；Nrf2/HO-1信号通路
中图分类号：R287               文献标志码：A    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.03.007

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in red crucian carp and to preliminarily elucidate its mechanism based on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Red crucian carp were randomly divided into a control group, a model group (treated with CCl4), CGA groups at different concentrations, and a positive control group treated with silymarin. A liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Serum activities of ALT, AST, AKP, and γ-GT, content of TG, TC, TBIL, as well as MDA content and SOD and GSH-Px activities in hepatopancreatic tissue were measured. Pathological changes in hepatopancreatic tissue were observed by HE staining. The mRNA expression levels of NFE2L2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCL in liver tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, and TBIL (P<0.05, P<0.01), significantly decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue, and a significant increase in MDA content (P<0.05). Pathological damages such as vacuolar degeneration, pyknosis, and lysis of hepatopancreatic cells were observed. After CGA intervention, the medium- and high-dose groups showed significant improvements in serum biochemical indicators, a marked reduction in MDA content in hepatopancreatic tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01), and a significant recovery of SOD and GSH-Px activities (P<0.05), along with alleviated pathological damage in liver tissue. The silymarin group also exhibited ameliorative effects. Furthermore, the medium- and high-dose CGA groups exhibited a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of NFE2L2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCL (P<0.05). These findings suggest that CGA alleviates CCl4-induced liver injury in red crucian carp, likely by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, boosting antioxidant defenses, and reducing oxidative stress.
Keywords: red crucian carp; chlorogenic acid; liver injury; oxidative stress; Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 253-261）