摘 要：针对耐药菌扩散、病原体免疫逃逸及传统抗菌药物靶向性不足等问题，巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米载体凭借其独特的生物学特性，为感染性疾病的治疗提供了新的解决思路。本文首先综述了该类纳米载体的构建方式，阐述了其潜在的作用与免疫调节机制，即利用巨噬细胞膜表面的天然受体达到病原体识别目的，通过促进向炎症部位的靶向归巢，并结合巨噬细胞极化调控或基因修饰技术，实现特定的生物学功能。其次，本文重点探讨了巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米载体在感染性疾病中的最新应用进展，涵盖靶向药物递送、生物中和以及免疫调节疫苗等核心领域。本文旨在系统梳理巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米载体在抗感染领域的技术进展和面临的挑战，为靶向纳米药物的研发和临床转化提供新的见解和科学框架。
关键词：巨噬细胞膜；感染性疾病；靶向递送；生物中和；免疫调节
中图分类号：R318.08                        文献标志码：A                    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.03.003

Abstract: Infectious diseases currently confront major challenges, such as the spread of drug-resistant microorganisms, immunological evasion, and the lack of specificity in traditional drugs. Due to their unique biological characteristics, the macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles offer novel strategies to address these issues. This review outlines the construction methods of these nanoparticles and explains their immunomodulatory mechanisms. By utilizing natural membrane receptors, these nanoparticles can specifically recognize pathogens, induce targeted homing to inflammatory areas, and accomplish particular functional control by polarization or genetic modification. Furthermore, we discuss the application of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in infectious diseases, including targeted delivery systems, biological neutralization and immunomodulatory vaccines. This review aims to systematically summarize the technological advances and challenges of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in the field of anti-infection, providing new insights and a scientific framework for the development and clinical translation of targeted nanomedicines.
Keywords: macrophage membrane; infectious diseases; targeted delivery; biological neutralization; immune regulation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 214-221）