摘 要：阿尔茨海默病（AD）作为一种复杂的神经退行性疾病，亟需多靶点、个性化的治疗策略。经颅光生物调节（tPBM）作为一种非侵入性物理调控手段，通过近红外光穿透颅脑，靶向调控线粒体功能、神经血管单元及类淋巴系统等多重病理环节，兼具代谢调节与神经调控双重特性，展现出与主流生物药物开发策略［如β-淀粉样蛋白‌（‌‌Aβ）清除、炎症调节］高度契合的多靶点干预潜力。本文重点对纳入的42项临床研究进行了分析，包括样本特征、干预参数及临床疗效，并系统梳理了tPBM在AD干预中的机制研究、临床研究证据与剂量学方法，强调其在家用化、可穿戴化方向的发展趋势，并初步提出从“经颅光剂量学”到“生物学效应”的转化路径。未来，通过构建个体化光子剂量-响应模型、融合实时生理反馈与脑影像导航，tPBM有望实现从群体有效性向个体化治疗的跨越，成为AD协同治疗与长期管理的重要非药物干预手段。
关键词：阿尔茨海默病；经颅光生物调节；剂量学；多靶点治疗；神经调控
中图分类号：R741.05                       文献标志码：A                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.02.006

Abstract: As a complex neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) urgently requires multi-targeted and personalized treatment strategies. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, utilizes near-infrared light to penetrate the cranium and to target multiple pathological processes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neurovascular unit impairment, and glymphatic system dysregulation. Possessing dual properties of metabolic regulation and neuromodulation, tPBM demonstrates significant potential for multi-target intervention, aligning with mainstream drug development strategies, e.g., amyloid β-protein (Aβ) clearance and inflammation modulation. This review provides an analysis of 42 included clinical studies, specifically focusing on sample characteristics, intervention parameters and clinical outcomes, and comprehensively synthesizes mechanistic evidence, clinical advancements, and dosing dosimetric methods of tPBM in AD intervention, emphasizing its applicability in home-based and wearable device trends, while proposing a translational framework that links transcranial optical dosimetry with biological effects. Future advancements may enable tPBM to evolve from population-wide effectiveness to individualized therapy through constructing personalized photon dose-response models integrated with real-time physiological feedback and brain-imaging navigation, thereby positioning tPBM as a pivotal non-pharmacological intervention for AD synergistic treatment and long-term management.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease; transcranial photobiomodulation; dosimetry; multitarget therapy; neuromodulation
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 149-161）