摘 要：随着非侵入性脑淋巴调控技术的快速发展，其对神经退行性疾病治疗的关键作用被高度重视。脑淋巴系统的功能调控问题一直是神经科学领域的研究热点。脑淋巴系统作为中枢神经系统废物清除的核心通路，其解剖结构的复杂性（如脑膜淋巴管和胶质淋巴通路的交互）决定了不同调控技术产生的响应各异。本文旨在综述脑淋巴非侵入调控的研究进展，梳理相关文献并探讨其调控机制、临床应用及目前的防护措施和未来的研究方向。明确脑淋巴调控的生物学效应与机制，有助于优化神经修复技术，对制定高效的安全操作标准具有重大意义。具体包括解析胶质淋巴系统的生理基础及靶点机制，评估多感官刺激、低强度聚焦超声（LIFU）和经颅光生物调控（tPBM）等技术的优化方案与增强代谢废物清除的效果，分析其在神经退行性疾病中的治疗潜力。重点讨论能量参数阈值、组织热效应风险等安全标准与防护措施。最后提出多模态协同调控和闭环反馈系统开发等创新方向。本综述为推进安全、精准的脑淋巴靶向干预策略奠定理论基础。
关键词：脑淋巴；光生物调节作用；多感官光刺激；脑清除；神经退行性疾病
中图分类号：R318.51                   文献标志码：A              DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.02.005

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of non-invasive techniques for modulating brain lymphatic function, their critical role in treating neurodegenerative diseases has garnered significant attention. The regulation of the brain lymphatic system, a central pathway for waste clearance in the central nervous system, remains a key research focus in neuroscience. The anatomical complexity of this system such as the interplay between meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic pathways, leads to varied responses under different regulatory technologies. This review aims to summarize recent progress in non-invasive modulation of brain lymphatics, elucidate underlying mechanisms, evaluate clinical applications, and discuss current protective measures along with future research directions. Clarifying the biological effects and mechanisms of lymphatic regulation will help optimize neural repair strategies and establish efficient safety protocols. Specific objectives include: analyzing the physiological basis and target mechanisms of the glymphatic system; assessing optimized approaches using multi-sensory stimulation, low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), and transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to enhance metabolic waste clearance; evaluating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease; examining safety standards and protective measures such as energy parameter thresholds and tissue thermal effects; and proposing innovative directions including multi-modal regulation and closed-loop feedback systems. This review provides a theoretical foundation for developing safe and precise targeted interventions for brain lymphatic function.
Key words: brain lymphatic; photobiomodulation; multi-sensory stimulation; brain clearance; neurodegenerative diseases
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 141-148）