摘 要：光生物调节作用（PBM）疗法作为快速发展起来的转化医学研究领域分支，具备无创、安全、无痛、生物调节性等特点。PBM已在伤口愈合、缓解慢性疼痛、骨骼肌再生等疾病治疗方面得到广泛应用，近年来在治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经退行性疾病中得到重点关注。但目前针对PBM疗法调节不同类型神经细胞功能治疗AD的分子机制和临床研究缺乏系统总结。因此，本文从PBM调控不同细胞类型，包括神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞以及神经干细胞的功能出发，对PBM治疗AD的潜在作用机制和临床治疗研究进展进行综述，为开发无创、无毒AD治疗新技术及其临床转化应用提供理论依据。
关键词：光生物调节作用；阿尔茨海默病；神经退行性疾病；不同神经细胞功能；临床应用
中图分类号：R454.2；R741.05      文献标志码：A               DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.02.004

Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM), as a rapidly developing branch of translational medicine research, possesses characteristics such as being non-invasive, safe, painless, and biomodulating. PBM has been widely used in the treatment of diseases such as wound healing, chronic pain relieving, and skeletal muscle regeneration. In recent years, it has received special attention in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is currently a lack of systematic summaries of the molecular mechanisms and clinical research on PBM’s regulation of different types of nerve cell functions in the treatment of AD. Given this situation, this article reviews the potential mechanisms of action and clinical research progress of PBM in the treatment of AD, starting from the regulation of different cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia and neural stem cells, providing a theoretical basis for the development of non-invasive, non-toxic new AD treatment technologies and their clinical translational applications.
Key words: photobiomodulation; Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegenerative diseases; different neural cell functions; clinical application
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 130-140）