摘 要：阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种主要的神经退行性疾病，其发病机制涉及淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积、tau蛋白异常磷酸化及神经炎症等多重病理过程。当前以药物治疗为主的干预手段虽取得一定进展，但仍普遍存在疗效有限、副作用明显或费用高昂等局限，难以满足临床长期管理的需求。近年来，以非侵入性神经调控为代表的物理干预策略逐渐成为研究热点。其中，40 Hz伽马频率光刺激因其能够特异性调节脑内神经振荡，并显示出改善AD病理与认知功能的潜力而备受关注。现有研究表明，该疗法可能通过恢复胶质淋巴系统功能、增强大脑代谢废物清除效率，从而延缓疾病进展。本综述系统梳理了40 Hz光刺激通过调控胶质淋巴系统干预AD的最新研究进展，并深入探讨其作用机制、动物试验证据、临床转化现状及未来发展方向，以期为该领域的科学探索与临床实践提供理论参考。

关键词：40 Hz光疗；非侵入性治疗；阿尔茨海默病；胶质淋巴系统；水通道蛋白4
中图分类号：R454               文献标志码：A                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.02.003

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major neurodegenerative disorder, involves multiple pathological processes including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. Although current pharmacotherapies have made some progress, they remain limited by inadequate efficacy, significant side effects, and high costs, which hinder their utility in long-term clinical management. In recent years, physical intervention strategies, particularly non-invasive neuromodulation approaches, have gained increasing research interest. Among these, 40 Hz gamma-frequency light stimulation has attracted considerable attention due to its ability to specifically modulate neural oscillations and its demonstrated potential to mitigate AD pathology and cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence indicates that this therapy may restore glymphatic system function, thereby enhancing metabolic waste clearance in the brain and slowing disease progression. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in 40 Hz light therapy for AD via glymphatic system modulation, examining its mechanisms, animal study findings, current translational status, and future directions, with the aim of laying a theoretical foundation for further research and clinical application in this field.
Key words: 40 Hz light therapy; non-invasive treatment; Alzheimer’s disease; glymphatic system; aquaporin 4
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 121-129）