摘 要：播种期作为影响谷子生长发育和产量的关键因素之一，其优化管理对提高谷子产量具有重要意义。本研究通过田间试验结合APSIM-Millet模型模拟，开展播种期对谷子生长发育及产量的影响，并基于历史气象数据（1984—2023年）探究谷子播种期管理策略。APSIM-Millet模型模拟结果表明，该模型能够精准模拟不同播种期及品种的谷子生长过程。基于历史气象数据的模拟结果表明，山西省谷子的最佳播种期呈现自北向南逐渐推迟的趋势，且受灌溉条件影响，不同地区播种期存在差异。晚熟谷子品种晋谷21雨养最佳播种期从北部大同市的3月30日至4月19日，向南依次推移至最南端运城市的5月21日至6月10日。灌溉条件下最佳播种期整体较雨养播种期晚20～30 d；早熟谷子品种同谷30雨养最佳播种期整体较晋谷21晚，南北跨度达70 d，灌溉条件下最佳播种期区域间差异更加明显。播种期与区域水热资源分配密切关联，北部冷凉区需抢墒早播以规避后期干旱，南部暖湿区则通过延迟播种协调光温资源。结合田间试验结果，晋北干旱区优先采用雨养早播模式，晋南温热区依据灌溉条件实施梯度播种，并通过调整品种特异性（如晚熟品种晋谷21适度南延、早熟品种同谷30强化南北播种期分化）实现气候资源的高效利用。本研究为山西谷子生产的区域化播种期优化提供了理论依据。

关键词：谷子；品种；播种期；APSIM-Millet模型；产量
中图分类号：S162.8；S352.1                     文献标志码：A            DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.01.007

Abstract: Sowing date is a critical factor affecting the growth and yield of millet, and its optimal management is essential for maximizing productivity. In this study, the effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of foxtail millet were investigated through field experiments combined with APSIM-Millet model simulations. Using historical meteorological data (1984—2023), we further explored strategies for optimizing sowing date management. The APSIM-Millet model accurately simulated the growth process of foxtail millet across different sowing dates and varieties. Historical simulation revealed that the optimal sowing date for millet in Shanxi Province was gradually delayed from north to south, with additional variations due to irrigation conditions. For the late-maturing variety Jingu 21, the best rain-fed sowing window ranged from March 30 to April 19 in northern Datong City, shifting southward to May 21 to June 10 in the southernmost Yuncheng City. Under irrigation conditions, the optimal sowing date was 20～30 days later than under rain-fed conditions. In contrast, the early-maturing millet variety Tonggu 30 exhibited a later optimum sowing date than Jingu 21, with a 70-day north-south span. Irrigation further aggravated regional differences. These findings highlight the close relationship between sowing date responsiveness and regional water/heat resource distribution. In cold northern regions, early sowing helps avoid later-season drought, while the warm and humid southern areas benefit from delaying sowing to optimize light and temperature utilization. Integrating field experiment results, the rain-fed early sowing mode was preferred in arid northern Shanxi, and gradient sowing being adjusted to irrigation availability in the warmer southern Shanxi, and climate-resource efficiency was realized through varietal adaptations, e.g. , limited southward extension the late maturing variety Jingu 21 and enhanced north-south sowing differentiation for the early maturing variety Tonggu 30. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing regional sowing dates in Shanxi’s millet production systems.
Key words: millet; variety; sowing date; APSIM-Millet model; yield
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 062-071）