摘要
摘 要：放射治疗是恶性肿瘤的重要治疗手段之一，虽可有效杀伤肿瘤细胞，但其产生的电离辐射（IR）会损伤正常组织，引发多种急慢性不良反应。目前临床可用的放射防护药物在疗效、靶向性及安全性方面仍存在明显不足，因此开发更高效、更安全的新型防护策略迫在眉睫。细胞外囊泡（EVs）作为天然纳米载体，能够递送功能性分子，参与DNA修复、缓解氧化应激、调控细胞凋亡及免疫微环境等过程，在减轻IR相关组织损伤方面具有广阔的应用前景。研究表明，间充质干细胞来源的EVs（MSC-EVs）、免疫细胞来源的EVs及工程化EVs在多种动物模型中均可有效缓解IR诱导的组织损伤。本文系统综述了EVs介导放射防护的多重机制，归纳了其主要来源及生物学特性，并重点探讨了其工程化优化策略与临床应用面临的挑战，以期为EVs作为新型放射防护手段的开发与转化提供科学依据。
关键词：细胞外囊泡；放射防护；MSC-EVs；DNA修复；氧化应激
中图分类号：R730.55 文献标志码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2026.01.001
Abstract
Abstract: Radiation therapy is an important treatment for malignant tumors. Although it can effectively kill tumor cells, it also causes ionizing radiation (IR) damage to normal tissues, resulting in a variety of acute and chronic adverse reactions. Currently, there are significant limitations in the efficacy, targeting, and safety of clinically available radioprotective drugs, and there is an urgent need for the development of new, more efficient and safer protection strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural nanocarriers, are capable of delivering functional molecules and participating in various processes, such as DNA repair, alleviation of oxidative stress, modulation of apoptosis, and immune microenvironment, which have demonstrated a wide range of potentials for the alleviation of IR-associated tissue damage. Numerous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), immune cell-derived EVs, and engineered EVs are effective in attenuating IR-induced tissue damage in various animal models. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the multiple mechanisms of EVs-mediated radioprotection, sorted out their main sources and biological properties, and focused on the optimization strategy of their engineering and the challenges of their clinical applications, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and research references for the development and translation of EVs as a novel means of radioprotection.
Key words: extracellular vesicles; radioprotection; MSC-EVs; DNA repair; oxidative stress
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 001-009）
刘 瑄, 官成浓.
细胞外囊泡在放射防护中的作用机制与研究进展[J]. 激光生物学报. 2026, 35(1): 1-9
LIU Xuan, GUAN Chengnong.
Mechanism of Action and Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles in Radiation Protection[J]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica. 2026, 35(1): 1-9
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