摘 要：本研究旨在探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）对脊柱损伤大鼠的运动功能恢复、神经营养因子表达及PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路的影响。将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和BMSCs组，模型组与BMSCs组建立脊柱损伤模型后，BMSCs组局部注射BMSCs悬液，正常组和模型组注射等量的生理盐水。采用BBB评分和斜板试验评估行为学功能，苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察组织病理变化，酶联免疫吸附法检测血清神经营养因子- 3（NT-3）、神经生长因子（NGF）和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平，免疫印迹法检测通路蛋白的表达水平。结果显示，与模型组相比，BMSCs治疗显著提高了大鼠的运动功能评分和斜板角度，减轻了脊髓组织水肿、坏死和炎症反应，同时上调了神经营养因子水平和PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin通路蛋白的表达。结果表明，BMSCs移植可通过激活PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin通路促进神经营养因子释放，从而改善脊柱损伤后的运动功能恢复。脊柱损伤后运动功能障碍及神经修复不足是临床难题。本研究聚焦 BMSCs 的修复作用，探究其对大鼠运动功能恢复、神经营养因子表达的影响及 PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin通路的调控机制，为揭示BMSCs神经修复潜能、开发脊柱损伤靶向治疗策略提供试验依据。
关键词：骨髓间充质干细胞；脊柱损伤；运动功能；神经营养因子；PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin通路
中图分类号：R651.2      文献标志码：A    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.06.011

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on motor function recovery, neurotrophic factor expression and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in rats with spinal injury. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and BMSCs group. After the spinal injury model was established in the model group and the BMSCs group, the BMSCs group was locally injected with BMSCs suspension, and the normal group and the model group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. BBB score and inclined plate test were used to evaluate the behavioral function. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes. The levels of serum neurotrophic factor-3 (NT-3), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that compared with the model group, BMSCs treatment significantly improved the motor function score and inclined plate angle of rats, reduced edema, necrosis and inflammatory response of spinal cord tissue, and up-regulated the level of neurotrophic factors and the expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway protein. The results showed that BMSCs transplantation could promote the release of neurotrophic factors by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, thereby improving the recovery of motor function after spinal injury. Motor dysfunction and insufficient nerve repair after spinal injury are clinical problems. This study focused on the repair effect of BMSCs, explored its effect on the recovery of motor function and the expression of neurotrophic factors in rats, and the regulatory mechanism of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, so as to provide experimental basis for revealing the neural repair potential of BMSCs and developing targeted therapy strategies for spinal injury.
Key words: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; spinal injury; motor function; neurotrophic factor; pI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 569-576）