摘 要：端粒是染色体末端的特殊结构，由重复的DNA序列和结合蛋白质组成，主要功能是维持染色体的稳定性和完整性，防止染色体末端的逐渐丢失和不必要的染色体重排。端粒长度的变化与多种疾病（如癌症、衰老和心血管疾病）密切相关。因此，检测端粒长度具有重要的生物学意义。随着科技的进步，多种端粒长度检测方法不断发展，形成了丰富的技术体系。这些方法各有其优势与局限性，适用于不同的研究目的和应用场景。本文综述了当前各类端粒检测方法的研究成果，并对该项技术未来的发展提出了建议，强调了结合创新技术以挖掘疾病诊断和治疗策略的潜力，为科研与临床工作者提供了技术选型的决策依据，助力了端粒生物学研究向精准诊断与个体化治疗转化。

关键词：端粒长度；检测方法；细胞衰老；生物标志物；精准诊断 
中图分类号：Q751       文献标志码：A                     DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.06.003

Abstract: Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of chromosomes, composed of repetitive DNA sequences and associated proteins. Their primary role is to maintain chromosomal stability and integrity by preventing progressive loss of chromosome ends and unwanted chromosomal rearrangements. Changes in telomere length are closely linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, aging, and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, measuring telomere length holds significant biological importance. Driven by technological advances, a diverse array of methods for telomere-length assessment has emerged, forming a rich technical landscape. Each method carries distinct advantages and limitations, making it suitable for particular research goals and application contexts. This review summarizes current findings on all major telomere-measurement techniques and offers recommendations for future technological development, emphasizing the potential of integrating innovative approaches to enhance disease diagnosis and treatment strategies, providing researchers and clinicians with a guide for selecting optimal methods and facilitating the translation of telomere biology into precise diagnostics and personalized therapies.
Key words: telomere length; detection methods; cellular senescence; biomarker; accurate diagnosis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 496-503）