摘　要：太湖甜瓜是浙江省湖州市太湖沿岸一带常规地方甜瓜品种，俗称老太婆瓜、酥瓜，栽培历史悠久。其瓜皮呈白色，芳香味浓，肉质脆甜，因浓郁的瓜香而受到消费者喜爱。但目前对太湖甜瓜特征物的鉴定及其在储藏过程中代谢物的变化缺乏研究。本研究利用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱对小白娘、玉奶香2号和绿香甜果肉进行代谢物分析，同时，并对在常温下储藏1 d和8 d的小白娘果肉进行代谢物分析。以市场常见的甜瓜品种绿香甜和玉奶香2号为对照，对3个甜瓜品种的果肉进行代谢组测定，在品种小白娘中共鉴定到18 136个代谢物，高于对照绿香甜中14 879个和玉奶香2号中15 943个。其中在小白娘中共鉴定到特有代谢物1 902个，高于对照绿香甜中449个和玉奶香2号中542个。对代谢物进行含量分析发现，小白娘中黄酮类化合物山柰酚3-龙胆双糖苷（kaempferol-3-gentiobioside）含量明显高于绿香甜和玉奶香2号，分别是它们的136倍和3 200倍。同时，将小白娘甜瓜常温储藏1 d和8 d后测定其代谢物，并对差异代谢物进行主成分分析（PCA），结果发现，代谢物无显著差异。综上所述，小白娘不仅具有一定的储藏稳定性，同时，小白娘中高含量的黄酮类化合物山柰酚3-龙胆双糖苷可作为小白娘甜瓜的特征物用于标识太湖甜瓜小白娘。该研究对小白娘的鉴定和推广具有重要的意义。
关键词：太湖甜瓜；代谢组；特征物；储藏稳定性
中图分类号：Q946.92           　　　  文献标志码：A                    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.01.009

Abstract: Taihu muskmelon, commonly known as “Laotaipo muskmelon” and “crisp muskmelon”, has a long history of cultivation. The skin of the muskmelon is white, the aroma is strong, the meat is crisp and sweet, and it is loved by consumers. However, there is a lack of research on the identification of the characteristics of Taihu muskmelon and the changes of metabolites during storage. The metabolites of Xiaobainiang, Yunaixiang 2 and Lüxiangtian were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. At the same time, the Xiaobainiang was stored at room temperature for 1 d and 8 d, and the metabolites of its flesh were analyzed. Using common muskmelon varieties in the market, Lüxiangtian and Yunaixiang 2, as controls, a total of 18 136 metabolites were identified in the flesh of the three muskmelon varieties, Xiaobainiang, through metabolomics analysis, which was higher than the control of 14 879 metabolites in Lüxiangtian and 15 943 metabolites in Yunaixiang 2. Among them, a total of 1 902 unique metabolites were identified in Xiaobainiang, which was higher than the 449 unique metabolites in the control group of Lüxiangtian and 542 unique metabolites in Yunaixiang 2. Analysis of the content of metabolites revealed that the flavonoid compound kaempferol-3-gentiobioside in Xiaobainiang was significantly higher than that in Lüxiangtian and Yunaixiang 2, which were 136 and 3 200 times higher, respectively. Meanwhile, the metabolites of Xiaobainiang muskmelon were measured after being stored at room temperature for 1 and 8 days, and principal component analysis (PCA)  was performed on the differential metabolites. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the differential metabolites. In conclusion, Xiaobainiang not only has a certain level of storage stability, but also contains a high amount of flavonoid compounds, particularly kaempferol-3-gentiobioside, which can serve as a characteristic marker for identifying Taihu fragrant melon Xiaobainiang. This study is of significant importance for the identification and promotion of Xiaobainiang.
Key words: Taihu muskmelon; metabolome; characteristics; storage stability
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 077-083）