（1. 湖南环境生物职业技术学院，衡阳 421005；2. 湖南省微生物研究院，长沙 410009）
摘　要：瘤胃微生物群落研究对于了解反刍动物的健康、生长发育以及消化吸收过程具有重要意义。近年来，随着高通量测序技术的发展和微生物组学研究的兴起，对于反刍动物瘤胃微生物群落的研究也取得了许多进展。本文主要综述了反刍动物瘤胃微生物群落的组成和影响因素，以及研究瘤胃微生物群落的分子技术方法，包括16S rRNA基因测序、功能基因组学分析、代谢组学研究、荧光原位杂交（FISH）及多组学联合分析等。同时，还探讨了这些方法在反刍动物瘤胃微生物群落研究中的应用和发展前景，旨在为瘤胃微生物的结构和功能解析提供参考。
关键词：反刍动物；瘤胃微生物；高通量测序；微生物群落；多组学联合分析
中图分类号：S823　　　                  文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.06.003

(1. Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421005, China; 2. Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China)
Abstract: The study of rumen microbiota is of great significance for understanding the health, growth and development, as well as digestion and absorption processes of ruminants. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the rise of microbiome research, significant progress has been made in the study of rumen microbiota in ruminants. This article mainly reviews the composition and influencing factors of rumen microbiota in ruminants, as well as the technical methods for studying rumen microbiota, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, functional genomics analysis, metabolomics research, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Meanwhile, the application and development prospects of these methods in the study of rumen microbiota in ruminants will also be explored, aiming to provide reference for the structural and functional analysis of rumen microbiota.
Key words: ruminant animals; rumen microbiota; high throughput sequencing; microbial community; multiomics joint analysis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(6): 496-504）