摘　要：一碳化合物（C1）包括甲烷、甲酸、甲醇、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等，来源广泛，价格低廉，是第三代生物炼制的理想原料。自然界中存在众多天然利用C1的微生物，但C1天然途径碳转化速率较低，非模式生物工业应用难度较大。利用模式菌株构建C1代谢路径，又称合成型C1生物转化体系，可以弥补C1天然利用微生物的缺点，降低工业生产对传统化石资源的依赖。本文概述了C1种类、来源及天然利用途径，着重综述了合成型C1生物转化体系的研究进展，强调合成型C1利用体系对于提高碳转化率、扩展C1资源应用的重要性，最后分析了C1生物转化面临的挑战，并对该领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。本文为未来合成型C1利用微生物的构建、提高异源C1代谢途径效率提供了参考，对实现绿色、高效开发可持续资源具有重要意义。
关键词：一碳化合物；生物转化；二氧化碳；合成型一碳化合物生物利用体系；碳转化率
中图分类号：Q81                                 文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.05.001

Abstract: One-carbon compounds (C1), including methane, formate, methanol, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, have been considered to be the ideal raw materials for the third generation of biorefining, due to their abundance and low cost. Microbes that can naturally utilize C1 have been widely studied with low carbon conversion rate and industrial difficulty. The transformation and heterologous expression of C1 utilization pathway described as synthetic one-carbon bio-utilization system can help overcome the obstacles of non-model organisms, which will reduce the dependence on traditional fossil fuels. This review briefly summarized the types, sources and natural pathways of C1. We mainly focused on the progress of C1 utilization in model organisms and emphasized the importance of synthetic C1 bio-utilization systems for improving carbon conversion rate and developing new application. In addition, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of the biotransformation of C1. This paper provided a reference for the construction of synthetic C1 utilization microorganisms and improving the efficiency of heterologous C1 metabolic pathway, which is of great significance for realizing green and efficient development of sustainable resources.
Key words: one-carbon compounds; biotransformation; carbon dioxide; synthetic one-carbon bio-utilization system; carbon conversion rate
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(5): 385-399）