摘　要：正畸患者常常因为正畸部件对口内黏膜的摩擦刺激出现黏膜不适的情况，而半导体激光可以治疗因正畸治疗引起的口腔黏膜不适，如红肿、溃疡等。本研究创新性地在大鼠口腔中制造持续创伤性环境，模拟正畸患者的口内情况，旨在利用动物模型来深入理解半导体激光对正畸性创伤性溃疡的修复机制。将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成6组：1）空白对照组；2）对照组；3）氯己定组；4）激光组1；5）激光组2；6）激光组3。研究内容包括溃疡愈合程度评分、酶联免疫吸附试验、溃疡组织染色切片的组织学观察、溃疡面微生物附着量分析等。研究发现：持续创伤性环境会显著延长溃疡的愈合时间（P<0.05）；溃疡持续期间，激光组溃疡组织的促炎因子水平更低，抗炎因子水平更高，愈合评分更高（P<0.05）；半导体激光抗菌效果不及0.12%氯己定溶液；苏木精-伊红染色组织切片显示，激光组各时期的炎性细胞浸润程度均较低，上皮愈合程度更好。本研究表明，持续创伤性环境能延缓溃疡愈合，在减少炎症、减轻疼痛、促进溃疡组织愈合等方面，相比传统0.12%氯己定溶液，合适照射时间的半导体激光更具优越性。本研究的动物模型较以往研究有一定的进步，更贴近正畸患者的口腔真实情况。研究结果进一步证明了半导体激光治疗正畸时口腔创伤性溃疡的潜力。
关键词：半导体激光；光生物调节；大鼠；正畸；创伤性溃疡
中图分类号：R78                                 文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.04.003

Abstract: Orthodontic patients often suffer from mucosal discomfort due to the friction stimulation of orthodontic components on the oral mucosa, and semiconductor laser can treat the oral mucosal discomfort caused by orthodontic treatment, such as redness, swelling, ulcers, etc. This study innovatively created a persistent traumatic environment in the mouth of rats to simulate the intraoral conditions of orthodontic patients, with the aim of using animal models to broaden the understanding of semiconductor laser repair mechanisms of orthodontic traumatic ulcers. 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: 1) blank control group; 2) control group; 3) chlorhexidine group; 4) laser group 1; 5) laser group 2; 6) laser group 3. The research contents included ulcer healing degree score, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological observation of stained sections of ulcer tissue, and analysis of microbial attachment on ulcer surface. The results showed that the continuous traumatic environment significantly prolonged the healing time of ulcer (P<0.05). During the ulcer duration, the proinflammatory factor level was lower, the anti-inflammatory factor level was higher and the healing score was better in the laser group (P<0.05). The antibacterial effect of semiconductor laser is less than 0.12% chlorhexidine solution; Hematoxylin-eosin tissue sections showed lower inflammatory cell infiltration and better epithelial healing in the laser group. This study shows that continuous traumatic environment can delay ulcer healing, and semiconductor laser with appropriate irradiation time is superior to traditional 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in reducing inflammation, relieving pain and promoting ulcer tissue healing. Compared with previous studies, the animal model in this study has made some progress and is closer to the real oral conditions of orthodontic patients. The results further demonstrated the potential of semiconductor laser in the treatment of oral traumatic ulcers during orthodontics.
Key words: semiconductor laser; photobiomodulation; rat; orthodontics; traumatic ulcer
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 306-315）