摘　要：黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是一种重要的模式生物，因其生命周期短、培养成本低、突变体资源丰富、基因操作相对简单等特点在生物学研究中具有独特的优势。近些年，随着食品科学的蓬勃发展，在筛选新型保健食品及药理学研究等方面，果蝇展现出了特有的应用价值。本文综述了常见人类疾病与衰老的果蝇模型的建立方法及应用，为疾病与衰老机制的研究以及保健食品和药物的研发等奠定了基础。
关键词：果蝇；模式生物；疾病；衰老；模型建立与应用
中图分类号：Q95-33                            文献标志码：A             DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.04.002

Abstract: As an important model organism, Drosophila melanogaster has unique advantages in biological research because of its short life span, low culture cost, rich mutant resources and relatively simple gene operation. In recent years, with the vigorous development of food science, Drosophila melanogaster shows unique application value in screening new health food and pharmacological research. This paper reviews the methods and applications of establishing models of common human diseases and aging of Drosophila melanogaster, which lays a foundation for the study of the mechanism of diseases and aging, as well as the research and development of health food and drugs.
Key words: Drosophila; model organism; disease; aging; model establishment and application
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 297-305）