（1. 南京医科大学附属江宁医院呼吸与重症医学科，南京 211100；2. 南京医科大学上海东方临床医学院呼吸

与危重症医学科，南京 211166） 

摘　要：液-液相分离（LLPS）作为细胞内的生物-物理现象，在细胞调控、信号传导和生物过程中发挥着重要作用，近年来引起了广泛的关注。本文从LLPS的基本概念、形成机制、生理功能以及与疾病的关联等方面进行探讨，同时展望未来研究的方向和潜在应用。LLPS的研究为我们深入理解细胞内的调控机制和疾病发展提供了新的视角，同时也为药物开发和生物技术的创新带来了新的可能性。

关键词：液-液相分离；无膜细胞器；调控机制；生理功能；疾病发展

中图分类号：Q816                             文献标志码：A                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2024.02.001

(1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China)

Abstract: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a biophysical phenomenon within cells that holds significance in cellular regulation, signal transduction, and various biological processes. Over recent years, it has caught considerable attentions. This paper delves into the fundamental concepts, mechanisms of formation, physiological functions, and disease associations related to LLPS. Furthermore, it projects future research trajectories and potential applications. Investigating LLPS offers fresh insights into cellular regulatory mechanisms and disease progression, simultaneously opening avenues for drug development and biotechnological innovations.

Key words: liquid-liquid phase separation; membrane-less organelles; regulatory mechanisms; physiological function; disease development

（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 097-107）