摘　要：为分析珠海市腹泻人群中A组轮状病毒（RVA）检出情况与患者性别、年龄及感染时间的相关性，收集珠海市妇幼保健院2019年1月至 2022年12月腹泻患者粪便样本，采用抗原试剂盒检测RVA抗原，对其结果应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。在收集的11 385例样本中，RVA总检出率为9.170%（1 044/11 385），性别分布无统计学差异（P>0.05）。各年龄段均检出RVA，29 d～<1岁婴儿的RVA阳性率最高，为9.962%（369/3 704），显著高于6～<12岁学龄期儿童、≥18岁成年人（P<0.01），6岁以下儿童各年龄间RVA阳性率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。RVA感染全年均有发生，从月份看，2月阳性率最高，为15.456%（117/757），显著高于除1月、3月、5月的其他月份（P<0.01）；从季节看，春季阳性率最高，为11.666%（341/2 923），显著高于夏季和秋季（P<0.01）。研究表明，2019―2022年珠海地区RVA感染呈明显的季节性和人群分布特征，应在晚冬、初春季节加强对6岁以下儿童的重点防控。本研究有助于更好地了解RVA在珠海地区的传播特点和规律，为本地区的RVA防控提供科学依据。

关键词：感染性腹泻；A组轮状病毒；流行特征；婴幼儿阳性率；流行病学分析

中图分类号：R512.5                          文献标志码：A                    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2023.06.010

Abstract: To analyze the detection of group A rotavirus (RVA) in the diarrheal patients of Zhuhai City and its correlation with patient gender, age, and infection timing. Fecal specimens were collected from patients with diarrhea in Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care from January 2019 to December 2022 and were tested for RVA antigen using antigen test kit. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS 20.0. Among the 11 385 fecal samples collected, with an overall RVA detection rate of 9.170% (1 044/11 385), and no significant difference in gender distribution (P>0.05). RVA was detected in all age groups, with the highest positive rate of 9.962% (369/3 704) in infants (29 days to <1 year), significantly higher than those in school-age children (6 to <12 years) and adults (≥18 years) (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of RVA among children under 6 years old (P>0.05). RVA infections occurred throughout the year, with the highest positive rate of 15.456% (117/757) in February. The positive rate of RVA in February was significantly higher than that in other months except for January, March, and May (P<0.01). Seasonally, the positive rate of 11.666% (341/2 923) was the highest in spring, which was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn (P<0.01). The study showed that RVA infection in Zhuhai from 2019 to 2022 exhibited obvious seasonal and population distribution characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of RVA in children under 6 years old in late winter and early spring. This study is helpful to better understand transmission characteristics and rules of RVA in Zhuhai, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of RVA in this area.

Key words: infectious diarrhea; group A rotavirus; epidemiological characteristics; positive rate of infants and young children; epidemiological analysis

（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 569-576）