摘　要：近20年来，偶发的感染人类的猴痘疾病严重影响了公共卫生和经济。啮齿类动物是猴痘病毒（MPXV）在自然界的主要宿主。MPXV可以通过直接接触传播至人并引起自限性感染，出现皮疹和淋巴结症状。本世纪初，美国报道了第一例在非洲以外地区人感染MPXV的病例，此后，猴痘逐步在全世界流行，并成为严重的公共威胁。随着病毒检测和测序技术的发展，许多新的痘病毒被发现，从而丰富了痘病毒科的多样性。本综述对MPXV以及痘病毒科中的其他病毒的最新分类、宿主范围、基因组结构特点、致病性以及遗传进化关系进行了全面概述。这些信息将促进我们对痘病毒的遗传进化关系和传播的了解，并且对未来病毒的研究和疾病的控制提供帮助。

关键词：痘病毒；致病性；分类；宿主；遗传演化

中图分类号：R373.9                            文献标志码：A             DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2023.06.001

（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 481-491）

 

Abstract: The sporadic outbreaks of human mpox diseases in the nearly twenty years have seriously influenced the public health and economic. Though the reservoirs of mpox virus (MPXV) are mainly rodents, it could spill over to humans by direct contact and cause self-limiting infection with the symptom of lymphadenopathy and rash on the skin. Since the first case reported outside Africa in the USA at the beginning of this century in America, MPXV has been gradually prevalent globally and become an increasing public threat. With the advancing technology of viral detection and gene sequencing, many novel poxviruses were detected which enriched the variety of Poxviridae family. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the latest classification, host spectrum, genome feature, pathogenicity and the evolution of MPXV and other poxviruses. This information will promote our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of pathogenic poxviruses and contribute to future viral researches and disease control.  

Key words: poxvirus; pathogenicity; taxonomy; host; evolution

CLC number: R373.9                     Document code: A                 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2023.06.001