摘　要：农田土壤温室气体排放对气候变化的响应是农业响应气候变化的热点问题。本试验开展了CO2浓度和温度升高对冬小麦土壤温室气体排放影响的研究，测定CO2浓度（600 μmol/mol）和温度升高（环境温度+2℃）条件下冬小麦土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量，以及温室气体排放通量和生长季排放总量，结合冬小麦的产量计算该生长季的综合温室效应（GWP）和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）。结果表明：拔节期CO2浓度和温度升高条件下，冬小麦土壤硝态氮含量显著增加；三个时期CO2浓度和温度升高条件下，冬小麦土壤铵态氮含量均以不同程度增加；升温（T1C0）、CO2浓度升高（T0C1）及复合（T1C1）条件下，CO2生长季总排放量较对照（T0C0）分别增加了20.73%、22.18%和23.28%；而N2O生长季排放总量只有在T0C1中会显著增加，T1C0及T1C1中N2O生长季总排放量较T0C0分别减少了26.35%、18.41%；T1C0中CH4生长季总吸收量较T0C0显著减少了93.56%，T0C1及T1C1对其无显著影响；T1C0中冬小麦产量较T0C0显著减少了19.93%，而T0C1和T1C1中分别增加了15.36%、9.88%。T1C0、T0C1和T1C1中GWP与T0C0相比均显著增加，而GHGI在T1C0中较T0C0显著增加，T0C1和T1C1中GHGI与T0C0相比有所减少，但不显著。综上所述，在CO2浓度升高和温度升高的条件下，CO2和N2O生长季总排放量均有不同程度的增加，CH4生长季总排放量在升温处理下会显著减少。麦田三种温室气体预估GWP对环境不利。本研究对CO2浓度和温度升高条件下的北方麦田温室气体进行了估算，可为未来农业减排措施的制定提供理论支持。
关键词：麦田；温室气体；气候变化；综合温室效应；温室气体排放强度
中图分类号：S512.1+1                        文献标志码： A                  DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2022.04.008

Abstract: Response of greenhouse gas emissions in soil to climate change is a hot issue of agricultural response to climate change. The contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, greenhouse gas emission flux, and emissions during the growing season in soil, combined with the yield of winter wheat were measured under elevated CO2 concentration (600 μmol/mol) and increased temperature (environment temperature+2℃). The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) of winter wheat during the growing season were calculated. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly at jointing stage under elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature. The ammonium nitrogen content of winter wheat increased at the three stages under elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature. Compared with T0C0, the total CO2 emissions during the growing season increased by 20.73%, 22.18% and 23.28% under T1C0, T0C1 and T1C1, respectively. The total emission of N2O during the growing season decreased by 26.35% and 18.41% under T0C1 and T1C0, respectively. Compared with T0C0, the total uptake of CH4 during the growing season significantly decreased by 93.56% under T0C1 and T1C1. Compared with T0C0, the yield of winter wheat under T1C0 significantly reduced by 19.93%, while it increased by 15.36% and 9.88% under T0C1 and T1C1, respectively. GWP significantly increased under T1C0, T0C1, and T1C1, while T1C0 significantly increased GHGI compared with T0C0. In conclusions, under elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature in the future, total emissions of CO2 and N2O during growing season has increased to varying degrees. The total emissions of CH4 under increased temperature will be significantly reduced. GWP estimated by monitoring the three greenhouse gases emission in wheat fields under elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature will provide theoretical support for the formulation of future agricultural emission reduction measures.
Key words: winter wheat; greenhouse gases; climate change; global warming potential; greenhouse gas emission intensity
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2022, 31(4): 344-352）