摘　要：为探讨旋耕秸秆还田和免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦生长及产量的影响，在临汾市尧都区长期保护性耕作试验区进行大田试验，以‘晋麦102号’为试验材料，研究旋耕秸秆还田、免耕秸秆覆盖两种耕作模式对麦田土壤含水量、小麦叶片抗旱生理指标、渗透调节指标、光合作用、生物量、叶面积指数、小麦产量的影响。结果表明：1）在旱地小麦关键生育期，免耕秸秆覆盖较旋耕秸秆还田可明显提高0～50 cm、120～200 cm土层的含水量，增加小麦可利用的水分；2）免耕秸秆覆盖较旋耕秸秆还田减少抗氧化酶活性失衡，减少膜质受损，缓解体内细胞渗透失衡，维持小麦正常生长需要的水分，延缓叶片衰老；3）免耕秸秆覆盖可提高小麦叶片叶绿素含量，缓解叶绿素a的降解，促进小麦的光合作用和营养积累；4）免耕秸秆覆盖可提高小麦叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率；5）免耕秸秆覆盖增加叶面积指数，促进籽粒灌浆，增加小麦分蘖数和每平方米穗数，从而提高旱地小麦产量。本研究可为旱作小麦合理耕作提供科学依据。
关键词：小麦；耕作方式；生长发育；生理代谢；产量
中图分类号：S512.1+1                         文献标志码：A              DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2022.03.012

Abstract: To investigate the effects of rotating tillage coverage and no-tillage with stubble on wheat yield in dryland, field test was carried out in the long-term conservation tillage experimental area of Yaodu District, Linfen city, with ‘Jinmai 102’ as test material. The effects of two tillage modes of no-tillage with stubble and rotating tillage coverage on soil moisture content, physiological indexes of wheat leaf drought resistance, osmotic regulation indexes, photosynthetic biomass, leaf area index and yield were investigated. The results showed as follow: 1) During the critical growth period of wheat in dryland, no-tillage with stubble was more beneficial to increase the water content of 0～50 cm and 120～200 cm soil layer and increase the available water of wheat when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 2) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble reduced the imbalance of antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane damage and relieved the imbalance of cell infiltration, which was beneficial to maintain water needed for normal growth and delayed leaf senescence in wheat under drought stress; 3) The chlorophyll content was increased under no-tillage with stubble, especially the degradation of chlorophyll was alleviated, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of dryland wheat; 4) The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was increased under no-tillage with stubble when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 5) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble increased leaf area index, promoted grain filling, increased tiller number and spike number per centiare. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the rational tillage pattern of wheat in dryland farmland.
Key word: wheat; farming methods; growth and development; physiological metabolism; yield
 （Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2022, 31(3): 278-288）