摘　要：甲醛溶液浸泡的人类组织样本很多情况下是可遇不可求的珍贵资源，而其 DNA 的提取是一大难题。本文分别使用改进的甲醛溶液浸泡样本基因组DNA提取方法以及通用型基因组DNA提取试剂盒，对四份不同时间固定的福尔马林浸泡的人类胚胎皮肤和肌肉的样本进行基因组DNA提取。使用紫外分光光度计鉴定所提取DNA的纯度和质量浓度，DNA溶液点样进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳及成像，结果显示，改进的提取方法所得基因组DNA的质量浓度和纯度均优于通用型基因组DNA提取方法。以提取所得的基因组DNA模板进行PCR扩增，电泳结果显示，改进的提取方法所提取的基因组DNA有更好的PCR扩增效果。本研究为甲醛溶液浸泡的珍贵样本的基因组DNA的提取提供了方法指导和改进方向的参考。
关键词：甲醛浸泡；人类组织样本；DNA提取；PCR检测；琼脂糖凝胶电泳
中图分类号：Q819                               文献标志码：A                    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2022.02.013

Abstract: Human tissue samples soaked in formaldehyde solution are rare resources in many cases, and the extraction of their DNA is a challenging issue. In this paper, genomic DNA was extracted from four formalin soaked human embryo skin and muscle samples by using an improved method for extracting genomic DNA from samples soaked in formaldehyde solution and a generic genomic DNA extraction kit. The purity and concentration of extracted DNA were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the DNA solution was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and imaging. The results showed that the concentration and purity of genomic DNA obtained by the improved extraction method were better than those obtained by the general method. PCR amplification was carried out with the extracted genomic DNA template. Electrophoresis results showed that the improved extraction method had better PCR amplification effect. Our study provides methodological guidance and a reference for the direction of improvement for the extraction of genomic DNA from precious samples soaked in formaldehyde solution.
Key words: formaldehyde immersion; human tissue samples; DNA extraction; PCR detection; agarose gel electrophoresis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2022, 31(2): 188-192）