摘　要：结直肠癌是世界范围内最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一，目前，关于结直肠癌的分子机制仍在不断的探索中。本文通过生物信息学方法筛选和鉴定结直肠癌关键的生物标志物。从基因表达数据库（GEO）选择了3个数据集［GSE21510（148个样本）、GSE32323（44个样本）、GSE15781（42个样本）］，对差异基因的表达以及功能富集进行分析。通过建立蛋白互作网络，运用STRING和Cytoscape对分子进行分析。筛选出472个差异基因，其中上调基因212个，下调基因260个。差异基因的富集及其通路主要包括调节细胞增殖、识别受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）信号通路等。其中15个核心基因主要富集在受体蛋白信号通路、细胞表面受体信号和趋化因子信号通路上。生存分析表明，AGT、CXCL2可能参与致癌，促进癌症的转移，影响预后。通过对472个差异基因和15个核心基因的筛选识别，促癌基因AGT和CXCL2可能被视为结直肠癌的生物标志物，为结直肠癌的诊断、治疗和研究提供新的分子靶标。
关键词：生物信息学；结直肠癌；生物标志物；促癌基因
中图分类号：R735.3　　　　　　文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2021.04.009

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. At present, the molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer is still under continuous exploration. In order to determine the carcinogenic effect and progress of related candidate genes in colorectal cancer. Three data sets were selected from the gene expression database (GEO) [GSE21510 (148 samples), GSE32323 (44 samples), GSE15781 (42 samples)], and analyzed the expression of differential genes and functional enrichment. By establishing a protein interaction network, using STRING and Cytoscape to analyze molecules. A total of 472 differential genes were selected, including 212 up-regulated genes and 260 down-regulated genes. The rich functions of differential genes and their pathways mainly include regulation of cell proliferation, cell activity, ion transmission, decomposition of lipids, multicellular organisms, cytokine biosynthesis, monosaccharide metabolism, recognition of receptor signaling pathways, and carbonate dehydration enzyme activity, sodium reabsorption, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor signaling pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. During the process of identifying and analyzing 15 core genes, it was found that these genes were mainly enriched in receptor protein signaling pathway, cell surface receptor signal transduction, and cytokine activity, growth factor activity, and chemokine signaling pathway. Survival analysis showed that AGT, CXCL2 may be involved in carcinogenesis, promote cancer metastasis, and affect prognosis. Through the screening and identification of 472 differential genes and 15 core genes, the tumor suppressor gene AGT and the tumor-promoting gene CXCL2 may be regarded as biomarkers of colorectal cancer, providing new information for the diagnosis, treatment and research of colorectal cancer molecular target.
Key words: bioinformatics; colorectal cancer; biomarkers; oncogene
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 355-362）