摘　要：为了调查新疆石河子地区哈萨克族、回族、汉族群体20个STR基因座遗传多态性，研究其法医学应用价值，用DNATyper21TM荧光复合扩增试剂盒对3个群体的20个STR基因座进行扩增，并用3500xL基因分析仪对其进行检测。用PowerStats v12、Arlequin v3.5、Phylip-3.695等软件进行统计计算，并对群体间遗传距离进行比较。研究结果表明：哈萨克族共检出231个等位基因，基因频率（F）分布在0.000 8～0.500 8之间，杂合度（H）在0.669～0.923之间，个体识别能力（DP）在0.817～0.988之间，多态信息含量（PIC）在0.60～0.92之间，非父排除概率（PE）在0.380～0.843之间，累积三联体非父排除率（CPEtri）为0.999 999 999，累积二联体非父排除率（CPEduo）为0.999 998 212，累积个体识别率（TDP）为1-7.60×10–26；回族共检出237个等位基因，F分布在0.000 8～0.533 4之间，H在0.833～0.928之间， DP在0.949～0.986之间，PIC在0.81～0.91之间，PE在0.661～0.853之间，CPEtri为0.999 999 996，CPEduo为0.999 996 725，TDP为1-4.77×10–25；汉族共检出253个等位基因，F在0.000 8～0.541 0之间，H在0.829～0.943之间，DP在0.958～0.986之间，PIC在0.83～0.91之间，PE在0.655～0.884之间，CPEtri为0.999 999 996，CPEduo为0.999 995 459，TDP为1-1.15×10–24。通过Phylip-3.695软件分析可知，新疆石河子地区哈萨克族人群与汉族、回族人群间的遗传距离远，汉族与回族群体遗传距离近。本文研究结果为新疆石河子地区这3个民族的群体遗传学和法医学应用提供了基础数据支持。
关键词：法医遗传学；STR基因座；遗传多态性；基因频率；新疆石河子地区
中图分类号：Q987　　　　　　文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2021.04.007

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies and parameters of 20 STR loci among Kazakh, Hui and Han population in Shihezi area of Xinjiang. The 20 STR loci of unrelated individuals of three population in Shihezi were amplified by DNATyperTM21 Kit, and the amplification products were analyzed through 3500xL genetic analyzer. Genetic polymorphism data and genetic distance were analyzed by PowerStats v12, Arlequin v3.5, Phylip-3.695 software. 231 alleles were identified in Kazakh population with their F ranging from 0.000 8～0.500 8. Heterozygosity (H) ranged among 0.669～0.923, discriminant power (DP) ranged among 0.817～0.988, polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged among 0.60～0.92, and paternity exclusion (PE) ranged among 0.380～0.843, comulative probability of exclusion presented 0.999 999 999 in triplet setting (CEPtri) and 0.999 998 212 in duo sttuations (CEPduo), total probability of discrimination power (TDP) was within 1-7.60×10–26; 237 alleles were identified in Hui population with their F ranging from 0.000 8 ～0.533 4. H ranged among 0.833～0.928, DP  ranged among 0.949～0.986, PIC ranged among 0.81～0.91, and PE ranged among 0.661～0.853, comulative probability of exclusion presented 0.999 999 996 in CEPtri and 0.999 996 725 in CEPduo, TDP was within 1-4.77×10–25; 253 alleles were identified in Han population with their F ranging from 0.000 8～0.541 0. H ranged among 0.829～0.943, DP ranged among 0.958～0.986, PIC ranged among 0.83～0.91, and PE ranged among 0.655～0.884, comulative probability of exclusion presented 0.999 999 996 in CEPtri and 0.999 995 459 in CEPduo, TDP  was within 1-1.15×10–24. The genetic distance was calculated by Phylip-3.695 softwarit, and was relatively far apart between Kazakh and Hui, Han, whereas relatively close between Han and Hui. The results of this work provided reference data for human population genetics and forensic DNA research in this area.
Key words: forensic genetics；STR loci; genetic polymorphism; gene frequency; Xinjiang Shihezi region
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2021, 30(4): 339-347）