摘　要：外泌体是一种含有蛋白质、核酸和脂质等物质的小囊泡，与细胞间通信和肿瘤微环境的调节有关，因而成为一种新兴的无创早期癌症诊断标志物。目前用于外泌体分析的技术较复杂，并且耗时久、成本高。近年来，表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术由于其灵敏度高、样品制备简单、快速无损等优点，在生物医学领域表现出了巨大的应用潜力。本文首先简要介绍了外泌体以及目前主要检测方法的优缺点，其次，阐述了SERS的基本原理及其在外泌体检测中的优势，重点介绍了非标记和标记SERS在外泌体检测中的应用进展。系列研究表明，基于SERS的外泌体检测技术有望成为一种无损、便捷、准确的临床诊断新方法。
关键词：表面增强拉曼光谱；外泌体；非标记；标记；早期癌症诊断
中图分类号：Q631　　　　　　　文献标志码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2021.01.002

Abstract: Exosomes are small vesicles containing proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which are associated with intercellular communication and regulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus becoming an emerging noninvasive marker for early cancer diagnosis. Current techniques for exosome analysis are complex, time-consuming and costly. In recent years, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has shown great potential in biomedical field due to its high sensitivity, simple sample preparation, rapid and noninvasive advantages. In this review, the exosomes are introduced and the merits and drawbacks of the main detection methods are compared. The characteristics of SERS as well as its advantages in exosome detection are described, with emphasis on the application progress of label-free and label SERS in exosome detection. Studies have shown that SERS-based exosome detection technology is expected to become a noninvasive, convenient and accurate new method for clinical diagnosis.
Key words: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; exosomes; non-marker; marker; early cancer diagnosis
（Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 015-021）