癌症治疗的靶向分子药物的设计与构建，是目前生物医学领域的研究前沿热点之一。靶向药物载体的构建，是通过药物直接加载靶向生物分子或者利用载体自身特性，使化疗药物可以到达并富集在特定组织，所以也被称为“分子火车”。纳米药物的研究已经从单靶向发展到多靶向，实现从单一功能到多功能的应用。单纯的被动释放药物的载体颗粒在复杂的细胞微环境中缺乏精确治疗。因此通过构建带有可控释放特性的纳米药物载体，不仅能有效的提高药物在靶向部位的药物浓度，加强药效,而且还能降低对非靶向组织的毒副作用，提高纳米药物的安全性。常用的控制纳米药物释放的方式包括pH响应，酶响应，光响应，磁响应等。本文主要介绍构建可控药物释放纳米载体的研究进展。

Developing an intelligent targeted molecular nanocarrier in cancer therapeutics is one of the research hotspots in the field of biomedicine. Based on the properties of the drug biomolecules or carriers themselves, chemodrugs can reach specific tissues. This therapeutics nanocarrier is also known as “molecular train”. The research of nanocarriers has been developed from single target to multitarget, and from single function to multifunction. Simply passive drug releasing carriers do not allow for more precise treatment in complex cellular microenvironment. However, with the controllable releasing nanocarriers, the drug concentration at the targeted sites can be effectively increased and the drug efficacy can be enhanced. In addition, it can reduce the toxic and side effects on nontargeted tissues， improving the safety of nanocarriers. The ways to control the release of nanocarriers include pH, enzyme, light, magnetic field and etc. This review mainly introduces the research progress in the construction of controllable drug release nanocarriers.