丙型肝炎是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染引起的，是导致肝硬化和肝癌的主要病因。HCV感染已成为严重危害人类健康的社会公共卫生问题。HCV非结构蛋白5A是近年来HCV抑制剂研究的重要靶点及热点，本文对NS5A的三个结构域以及各个结构域在丙肝病毒复制、病毒颗粒组装及释放方面的生物学功能的研究进展进行了综述，为NS5A抑制剂作用机制的研究提供了广泛的思路，有利于对NS5A抑制剂的研制。

Hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection, and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. HCV has become a serious threat to human health and become public health problems. HCV nonstructure protein 5A is a target and hotspot of HCV inhibitor research in recent years. And we reviewed three domains of NS5A and the biological functions of each domain in hepatitis C virus replication, virus particle assembly and release. It provides a broad idea for the study of the mechanism of action of NS5A inhibitors, and is beneficial to the development of NS5A inhibitors.