小麦遗传基础日趋狭窄成为小麦遗传改良的瓶颈。甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）是一种高效稳定的烷化类诱变剂，能诱发产生高密度系列等位基因点突变，可在创造作物新品种、新种质、遗传材料以及解决育种工作中某些特殊问题等方面取得突破。本文从EMS诱变的原理和特点着手，简述了小麦EMS诱变及突变体鉴选方法，绘制了EMS诱变研究备选方案图，为小麦科研工作者提供研究思路和参考依据。同时对EMS诱变技术在抗病基因克隆、品质性状改良、叶片持绿机制研究、农艺性状解析、突变体库构建等方面的研究进展进行了前沿报道，分析了EMS诱变在小麦研究中存在的问题及应对方法，并在此基础上对EMS诱变技术在小麦上的发展前景进行展望。这对于丰富小麦遗传资源、加快育种进程和开展基因功能研究具有重要意义。

One of the bottlenecks for wheat improvement is the narrowing of wheat genetic basis. Ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) is an efficient and stable alkylation mutagens, which can induce a series of allele mutations with high density, and make breakthroughs in creating of new varieties, new germplasm, genetic materials and solving some special problems in breeding. Based on the principles and characteristics of EMS mutagenesis, this paper briefly describes the method of EMS induction and mutagenesis selection for wheat, and draws an alternative scheme of EMS mutagenesis research, which provides research ideas and reference for wheat researchers. At the same time, the research progress of EMS mutagenesis technology in disease resistance gene cloning, quality trait improvement, leaf greening mechanism research, agronomic trait analysis, and mutant library construction was reported. The problems and countermeasures of EMS mutagenesis in wheat research were analyzed. The development prospect of EMS mutagenesis technology in wheat was prospected. This is of great significance for enriching wheat genetic resources, accelerating breeding processes and studying gene function.