为探究野生稷山矮牡丹（Paeonia jishanensis）花青素等抗氧化活性物质生物合成的遗传基础，本文采用高通量测序技术Illumina NextSeqTM500对其幼嫩叶片、嫩茎和花芽混合池样本进行转录组测序分析。共获得39 450个unigene，其中3 563个 unigene中有4 106个SSR位点。在Swiss Prot数据库中注释到29 420个unigene，其中11个与花青素生物合成过程相关，22个与类黄酮生物合成过程相关，15个与异黄酮生物合成过程相关；NR数据库中注释高达100%，有12个与类黄酮生物合成相关，7个与花青素生物合成相关；GO数据库中注释到24 291个unigene，分为生物学过程、细胞组分及分子功能等三大类53个功能组，有21个unigene与黄酮、黄酮醇及异黄酮生物合成有关，4个unigene与花青素合成有关；eggNOG数据库中注释到38 238个unigene，涉及植物生长发育过程绝大多数生命活动过程；KEGG数据库注释到5 709个unigene，分别定位到6大类别42个代谢途径，其中25个unigene与花青素生物合成相关。研究表明，在稷山矮牡丹转录组序列中，共鉴定和发掘出多个涉及类黄酮化合物生物合成、花青素生物合成过程的相关基因序列及SSR位点，为下一步开展相关代谢合成途径研究奠定了基础。

In order to explore the genetic basis for the biosynthesis of anthocyanin antioxidant, the transcriptome of Paeonia jishanensis was sequenced by Illumina NextSeqTM500 platform. This results showed that 39 450 unigenes were found by assembly and 4 106 SSR were identified in 3 563 unigenes. All of unigenes were annotated via different databases. 29 420 unigenes were annotated in Swiss Prot database，and 11 unigenes was related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis process, 22 unigenes related to flavonoids and 15 unigenes related to isoflavonoid biosynthesis; NR database annotation were highest at 100%, and 7 unigenes related to anthocyanin and 12 unigenes related to flavonoids biosynthesis;24 291 unigenes were annotated in GO database and divided into the process of 53 function groups; 38 238 unigenes were annotated in eggNOG database and classified into 26 functional categories, which involve processing and developments of plants; 5 709 unigenes were annotated in KEGG database and grouped into 6 functional categories of 42 metabolism pathways, 25 unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. This study indicated that some genes and SSR loci which had association with biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins were identifed. It can provide a foundation for the further researching on metabolic pathways of anthocyanins.