优生优育是我们重要的国策。自二胎政策颁布以来，高龄产妇数量呈现明显上升的趋势，先天性畸形儿的发生几率变大。传统的产前检测方法存在较高流产风险、灵敏度低、耗时等问题,探寻一种无损快捷、经济灵敏的产前检测方法至关重要。本文首先介绍了常见的胎儿出生缺陷及当前临床常见的产前检测方法的优缺点，重点综述了光谱技术的特点及其在产前检测中的应用。其中包括光谱核型、实时荧光定量PCR、SNP等位基因位点分析等利用荧光光谱分析方法和拉曼光谱在产前检测中的应用情况。特别阐述了表面增强拉曼光谱SERS在生物检测中的优势，最后总结并展望了SERS光谱在产前检测的应用。

Eugenics is our important national policy.Since the promulgation of the secondchild policy, the number of elderly mothers has increased significantly, and the incidence of congenital malformations has increased.Traditional prenatal detection methods have some problems, such as high risk of abortion, low sensitivity, timeconsuming etc. It is very important to explore a nondestructive, fast, economical and sensitive prenatal detection method. The common birth defects were introduced and the merits and drawbacks among current mostused prenatal detection methods were compared in this review. The characteristics of spectroscopic technologies, as well as their applications in prenatal testing were summarized.Spectral karyotyping, realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR, SNP allele site analysis, etc. by using fluorescence spectrum analysis method and Raman spectroscopy have been reported in the application of prenatal testing. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), an ultrasensitive biochemical analytical technology, has been widely used for the detection of biomolecules. The application of SERS spectroscopy in prenatal detection is introduced and prospected.